In the present study, we describe the structure and normal development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) paired fins. Particularly, we focus on the structure of the apical epidermis and on endoskeletal morphogenesis. Endoskeletal development proceeds differently in the pectoral and pelvic fins. Whereas in both fins major parts of the endoskeletal girdle develop within the fin bud mesenchyme, the p...

Very few studies focused on the anatomy of gonorynchiforms deal in detail with their musculature. In this paper I provide an overview of the cranial musculature (excluding branchial and extrinsic eye musculature) and pectoral girdle musculature of extant gonorynchiforms. Some comments on the functional morphology of these fishes, as well as a comparison with other otocephalans, are also given. ...

Suction-feeding fishes capture food by fast and forceful expansion of the mouth cavity, and axial muscles probably provide substantial power for this feeding behavior. Dorsal expansion of the mouth cavity can only be powered by the epaxial muscles, but both the sternohyoid, shortening against an immobile pectoral girdle to retract the hyoid, and the hypaxial muscles, shortening to retract both ...

The purpose of this study was to identify those kinematic characteristics that are most closely related to the functional classification of a wheelchair athlete and measured distance of a javelin throw. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 field·s(-1)) were used to record the performance of 15 males of different classes. Each subject performed 6-10 throws and the best two legal throws from each subject wer...

The muscles of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Arius heudeloti, Genidens genidens andBagre marinus are described and compared with those of non-ariid siluriforms. Our observations and compar-isons revealed that, although the configuration of the cephalic and pectoral girdle musculature of these ariidspecies is basically similar to that of other catfishes, these species pr...

The skeleton of the "wings" of skates and rays consists of a series of radially oriented cartilaginous fin rays emanating from a modified pectoral girdle. Each fin ray consists of small, laterally oriented skeletal elements, radials, traditionally represented as simple cylindrical building blocks. High-resolution radiography reveals the pattern of calcification in batoid wing elements, and thei...

The Siluriformes, popularly known as catfishes, are probably the vertebrate group with highest diversity of venomous animals, even though only approximately a hundred catfishes reported to date. Venomous might present delivery system apparatus, formed by an unbranched ray at leading edge pectoral and dorsal fins (spine), which can be stiffened pungent, while venom glands surface such spines and...

CT findings of the base of the neck are often degraded by beam-hardening artifact from the shoulder girdle. This artifact can be reduced by placing the patient in a "swimmer's" position, a supine position in which the patient has one arm fully abducted and the other arm lowered. We selectively employed swimmer's CT in patients between January 1999 and December 2002 when standard (arms-down) CT ...