Several international and national guidelines have been proposed for the treatment and prevention of invasive candidiasis/candidemia (IC/C) in both neonatal and pediatric patients. This article is a review of the current guidelines, recommendations, and expert panel consensus of a number of associations and conferences on the prevention and management of IC and candidemia in both pediatric and ...

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an expensive medicine which is widely used for unlabeled indications. We conducted this drug utilization review (DUR) to evaluate the appropriateness of IVIG utilization in Tehran, Iran. This cross sectional study was conducted in a referral pediatric tertiary care hospital in Tehran. During a three month period in 2015, medical records of inpatients with IV...

OBJECTIVE To describe the new American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for pediatric life support, based on the scientific evidence evaluated by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, and endorsed and disseminated by North American resuscitation councils. SOURCES The guidelines for basic and advanced life support published in Circulation in November 2005 were reviewed togeth...

Inhaled albuterol is a first-line treatment of acute asthma exacerbations. Nebulized albuterol doses recommended by expert consensus guidelines for exacerbations in children  12 years of age are “ 0.15-0.3 mg/kg up to 10 mg every 1-4 hours as needed, or 0.5 mg/kg/hour by continuous nebulization.” 1 Although the benefi t of continuous treatment is well established, we can fi nd only one, small ...

Recent guidelines recommend empiric vancomycin dosing of 60 mg/kg per day and consideration of higher trough concentrations (15-20 mcg/mL) in children with invasive infections. In this study, we report a retrospective review evaluating the dose/trough relationship and predicted area under the curve in pediatric patients receiving vancomycin for invasive staphylococcal infections.

Pediatric aspects are nowadays integrated early in the development process of a new drug. The stronger enforcement to obtain pediatric information by the regulatory agencies in recent years resulted in an increased number of trials in children. Specific guidelines and requirements from, in particular, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) form the regula...

background: increasing the x-ray focus to film distance (ffd) has been advocated as an effective method to reduce the patients’ radiation dose. the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this technique in patients' dose and image quality in pediatric chest x-ray.material and methods: sixty pediatric patients were x-ray imaged at ffds of 100 and 130 cm. dose measurements were ...

Previously we have shown that our routine portal imaging (PI) of the craniofacial region in pediatric brain tumor patients contributed an additional 2%-3% of the prescribed dose and up to 200 cGy to the planning target volume (PTV) and nearby organs at risk (OARs). The purpose of this study is to quantify the reduction in dose to PTV and OARs from portal imaging (PI) of the craniofacial region ...

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in children have a high prevalence that can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Antibiotics are prescribed more often than recommendations the guidelines. This study aims to evaluate rationality of antibiotic use and occurrence drug interactions pediatric patients diagnosed with ARI at one hospitals Pontianak based on some parameters such as right drug, do...

Concerns about increasing bacterial resistance to vancomycin, have caused the adult treatment guidelines to recommend higher trough concentrations based on the type and location of infectious disease. Although these recommendations are not specific to children, the values can be extrapolated. This prospective study was designed to evaluate efficacy of current vancomycin dosing recommendations t...