an 11-year-old female patient with autoimmune hepatitis (aih) was referred to our rheumatology clinic due to her current musculoskeletal manifestations. the patient had been diagnosed with aih 3 months previously, based on jaundice and impaired liver function tests, and she had been treated with low-dose prednisolone and azathioprine. she presented with malaise, arthritis, a malar rash on the f...

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary vitreoretinal disorder that can cause various types of retinal detachments. The abnormalities in eyes with FEVR are caused by poor vascularization in the peripheral retina. The genetics of FEVR is highly heterogeneous, and mutations in the genes for Wnt signaling and a transcription factor have been reported to be responsible for FEVR....

A female infant with the typical clinical and histopathological features of vitreoretinal dysplasia is described. She had an apparently balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation 46XX,t(X;10) with the X chromosome breakpoint being on the short arm. Since the parents' karyotypes were normal, it is most plausible that a de novo chromosomal translocation disrupted the vitreoretinal dysplasia ge...

The popularization of ophthalmic endoscopy has been promoted by recent technological advancements that increase the number of indications for endoscopy. These advancements have improved the endoscope's capabilities in its two fundamental surgical advantages: (1) bypassing anterior segment opacities, and (2) visualizing anteriorly positioned structures such as the ciliary bodies and sub-iris spa...

OBJECTIVE To determine the magnitude of vitreoretinal disorders in a rural southern Indian population. METHODS Cluster sampling was used to identify individuals 40 years and older in Tamil Nadu in southern India. Demographic details, vision measurement and refraction using logMAR charts, anterior segment slitlamp examination, dilated posterior segment slitlamp examination using a 78-diopter (...

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by macular hole is a rare disorder that the most challenging in terms of vitreoretinal surgery, and good anatomical outcome not always associated with high visual functions. Today, vitrectomy, involving closure autologous platеlet-rich plasma, sealing peripheral tears, subsequent vitreal cavity tamponade vitreous substitutes, considered to be effect...

R ecent years have ushered in many advances in retinal imaging. From spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to ultra-widefield fundus imaging, the new modalities are proving to be an integral part in the evaluation of pediatric retinal conditions. One of the biggest perceived hurdles in managing pediatric retinal patients is the challenging clinical examination; most adult patients can co...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to design and implement a vitreoretinal training module that would be useful for ophthalmology residents and fellows to learn the basic maneuvers required in vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS A prospective pilot study evaluating the training module was undertaken in 13 ophthalmology trainees (residents and vitreoretinal fellows) with varying levels of vit...