OBJECTIVES The main objective was analysis and assessment of toxinogenic capabilities of fungi isolated from moldy surfaces in residential rooms in an urban agglomeration situated far from flooded areas in moderate climate zone. MATERIAL AND METHODS The assessment of environmental exposure to mycotoxins was carried out in samples collected from moldy surfaces in form of scrapings and airborne...

Steadily increasing interest in penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent has led to a parallel increase in the demand for penicillin for clinical application and chemical studies. Penicillin is produced in minute quantities by Penicillium notatum so that filtrates from the mold represent exceedingly dilute solutions of penicillin from which the active agent is extracted. The magnitude of the prob...

The effects of catabolite repression of initial glucose on the synthesis of α-amylase from Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium griseofulvum were investigated under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) systems. The results obtained from either fermentation were compared with each other. In the SmF system, initial glucose concentration above 10 mg/mL completely repr...

We studied the biodegradation of compounds containing phosphorus-to-carbon bonds by using a wild-type strain of Penicillium notatum. The substrate specificity of this strain was studied, and we found that it is able to utilize structurally diverse organophosphonates as sole sources of phosphorus. This ability seems to be inducible, as indicated by the presence of a lag phase during growth. A po...

In a preliminary communication (Ghosh, 1959) it was reported that fresh and wet mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, as obtained from a rotary filter in a penicillin plant, could be well utilized as the sole source of nitrogen for penicillin production by the mold either in shaken flask or in aerated and agitated large fermentors. The waste mycelium did not need any pretreatment whatsoever and ...

A study was made of Penicillium chrysogenum and some other fungi to determine the relative distribution of intra- and extracellular invertase produced by them in submerged fermentation. The proportion of each type of enzyme varied with the organism and the period of fermentation. More of the enzyme initially bound to the mycelium was released into the medium with the progress of fermentation. D...

Conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium frequentans and sporangiospores of Rhizopus rhizopodiformis, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Mucor racemosus were subjected to partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. The partition behavior differed drastically between the conidia of the two Penicillium species and the sporangiospores of the three species of phycomycetes. This difference in pa...

The vgb and bleomycin resistance genes could be efficiently transferred into the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum under help of T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 and the transferred genes were integrated at a chromosomal locus of P. chrysogenum. Transformation using A. tumefaciens LBA4404 could be enhanced in the presence of acetosyringone (AS) when being carried out in the c...

Penicillium chrysogenum uses sulfate as a source of sulfur for the biosynthesis of penicillin. Sulfate uptake and the mRNA levels of the sulfate transporter-encoding sutB and sutA genes are all reduced by high sulfate concentrations and are elevated by sulfate starvation. In a high-penicillin-yielding strain, sutB is effectively transcribed even in the presence of excess sulfate. This deregulat...

The development and study of strains of Penicillium chrysogenum that give high yields of penicillin has been a major project at the University of Wisconsin during the past 12 years. Many thousands of cultures have been screened for their penicillin-producing ability in the Botany Department of the University. The methods used for the production and screening of mutants, the genealogy of the out...