Evaluation of mRNA Expression Calcitonin Gene-Dependent Peptide (CGRP) and Rat (rCT) in the Periaqueductal Gray Area (PAG) Diabetic Rats Formalin Test

Panic disorder patients are vulnerable to recurrent panic attacks. Two neurochemical hypotheses have been proposed to explain this susceptibility. The first assumes that panic patients have deficient serotonergic inhibition of neurons localized in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain that organize defensive reactions to cope with proximal threats and of sympathomotor control ar...

The purpose of this study is to characterize brain gray matter volumetric changes in HIV seropositive without neurocognitive impairment and seronegative men in Asia. We investigate 36 males with HIV seropositive (mean age 34.5±9.1 years) and 33 age- and gender-matched seronegative controls (mean age 31.4±7.6 years) in Asia. The cognitive competence of 36 males with HIV seropositive has no impai...

–Immunohistochemical detection of Fos was used to determine which regions of the periaqueductal gray are activated during conditioned fear to a context in the rat. More specifically, the aim of the study was to test the role of its lateral and ventrolateral columns in freezing behaviour during fear. Conditioned fear was evoked by re-exposing rats to the same footshock chamber in which they had ...

Mice selected for aggressiveness (long and short attack latency mice; LALs and SALs, respectively) constitute a useful tool in studying the neural background of aggressive behavior, especially so as the SAL strain shows violent forms of aggressiveness that appear abnormal in many respects. By using c-Fos staining as a marker of neuronal activation, we show here that agonistic encounters result ...

To the Editor: Typical clinical features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy are caused by vitamin B1 deficiency and include confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Although it can occur in all malnourished patients, it is far more frequent in alcoholics. Brain MRI is a central diagnostic tool that usually discloses high signal lesions in T2-weighted imaging symmetrically affecting mammillary bodies, ...

In a 27-year-old patient with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome a pineal tumor had been found 10 years previously and was apparently a coincidental finding. Minute calcifications were later detected around the third ventricle and the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter by high resolution computed tomography. It is argued that this observation may support Devinsky's speculations that midbrai...