objective (s): transdermal preparations for testosterone are becoming popular because of their unique advantages such as avoidance of first-pass effect, convenience, improved bioavailability, and reduction of systemic side effects. a novel testosterone transdermal delivery system (tdds) was developed using a palm oil base called hamintm (a commercial product) and tested using in vitro and in vi...

By using molecular dynamics simulation, the dynamic behaviors of particle permeation through a four-helix-bundle model channel are studied. The interior cavity of the four-helix-bundle provides the "routes" for particle permeation. The main structural properties of the model channel are similar to those that appear in natural four-helix-bundle proteins. It is found that the interior structure o...

The difficulty in characterizing ion conduction through membrane channels at the level of individual permeation events has made it challenging to elucidate the mechanistic principles underpinning this fundamental physiological process. Using long, all-atom simulations enabled by special-purpose hardware, we studied K(+) permeation across the KV1.2/2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel. At experim...

Preformulation studies on transdermal dosage forms involve liberal use of animal skin for assessing the permeation characteristics of drugs, influence of permeation enhancers, optimizing the formulation variables etc. The restricted availability of animal skin due to concerns regarding prevention of cruelty to animals has generated considerable interest in developing polymeric films for use as ...

Preformulation studies on transdermal dosage forms involve liberal use of animal skin for assessing the permeation characteristics of drugs, influence of permeation enhancers, optimizing the formulation variables etc. The restricted availability of animal skin due to concerns regarding prevention of cruelty to animals has generated considerable interest in developing polymeric films for use as ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the permeation of the low-volatile solvent limonene through different disposable, unlined, unsupported, nitrile exam whole gloves (blue, purple, sterling, and lavender, from Kimberly-Clark). METHODS This study utilized a moving and static dextrous robot hand as part of a novel dynamic permeation system that allowed sampling at specific t...

OBJECTIVES Microvascular invasion and microlymphatic permeation are indicators of microscopic tumour invasion into small vessels and have been considered to be powerful prognostic indicators for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several studies have suggested that these should be included in the TNM classification, but, there have been conflicting results regarding the prognostic impact of mi...

Synopsis The effect of several variables on the in vitro permeation of urea through hairless mouse skin has been studied in order to determine the causes of an increasing permeability phenomenon found in studies with a range of hydrophilic compounds. The permeation of urea increased for a period of approximately 100 h after which a steady state permeation pattern was observed for approximately ...

In this study, the hydrogen permeation in the supercooled liquid state for Ni65Nb25Zr10, Ni60Nb20Zr20 and Ni55Nb15Zr30 metallic glasses was investigated in conjunction with the discussion on the effect of hydrogen diffusion on hydrogen permeation. The hydrogen permeation of the Ni65Nb25Zr10 and Ni60Nb20Zr20 metallic glasses increases significantly by the transition from the glassy solid state t...