Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) has been initially developed as a remote sensing electrical measurement tool and it has been widely used to detect cable faults and discontinuities of signal lines (Somlo & Hollway, 1969). Recently, TDR has been widely applied to soil science, hydrology and agronomy to estimate the electrical properties of soils (Courtney, 1998; Evett & Parkin, 2005; Nozaki & Bos...

The paper describes the measurement of complex permittivity in free space. It is an advanced non-contact method which is used to find the electromagnetic properties of materials. In this case it involves the materials which are used in aviation technology, especially for hardening the avionics against electromagnetic interference. A specialized laboratory workplace equipped with the vector netw...

A short review of modern techniques for broadband microwave measuring complex permittivity and permeability of materials at broadband microwave frequencies has been presented. Classification of type of the measurement methods to extract the complex permittivity and permeability of bulk materials has been done in this paper. Mathematical models of all the above-mentioned measurement types of met...

Modifications in the measurement of the complex permittivity are described, based on the transmission and reflection coefficients of a dielectric slab. The measurement uses TRL twoport calibration to bring the reference planes accurately to the sample surface. The complex permittivity as a function of frequency is computed by minimizing the difference between the measured and the ideal scatteri...

A dielectric mixing model has been developed to calculate the complex permittivity of wet soils at 5.65 GHz (C-band) and 9.5 GHz (X-band) microwave frequencies. The model considers the complex permittivity of dry soil as initial parameter. The complex permittivity of wet soil has been estimated in terms of the complex permittivity of dry soil, the complex permittivity of water at a given microw...

Effective complex permittivity measurements of materials are important in microwave engineering and microwave chemistry. Artificial neural network (ANN) computational module has been used in microwave technology and becomes a useful tool recently. A neural network can be trained to learn the behavior of an effective permittivity of material under microwave irradiation in a test system, and it c...

B. Gal, K. Granat, D. Nowak, Wroclaw University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, Plastics and Automation and Automation, Wrocław, Poland The presented basic research was aimed at determining a correlation between compaction degree of moulding sand and its permittivity εr at 2,45·10 9 s-1. The measurement results make a basis for mathematical description of a multilayer technolo...

An application of a small air-spaced coaxially fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna as a sensor for permittivity measurement is presented. The models used for the calculation of the permittivity from the shift in the resonant frequency for solid and liquid materials are described. The models are experimentally verified by measurements for several liquid and solid samples. The results are co...