The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates pesticides under two major statutory authorities: the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Under FIFRA, the EPA has the authority to regulate the development, sale, distribution, use, storage, and disposal of pesticides. To be registered, FIFRA required that a pesti...

Chemical insecticides play an important role in the control of plant damage and plant diseases. However, extensive use of these products has led to the disruption of ecosystems because of several reasons such as death of non-target species, accumulation of pesticide residues in the environment and food, and buildup of pesticide resistance in the target species. Biological control is one of the ...

Pesticides are essential for agricultural and horticultural crops production. Pesticides are commonly classified as insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide, etc. These pesticides act against insects, rodents, weeds which are harmful in agricultural or horticultural planting. Normally, farmers use the pesticides following the instruction written in the package. In most cases, the pesticid...

Background Pesticide self-poisoning is a major problem in Bangladesh. Over the past 20-years, the Bangladesh government has introduced pesticide legislation and banned highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) from agricultural use. We aimed to assess the impacts of pesticide bans on suicide and on agricultural production. Methods We obtained data on unnatural deaths from the Statistics Division of ...

Pesticide formulation includes solvents (methanol and xylene) and antifreeze (ethylene glycol) whose metabolites are anions such as formic acid, hippuric acid, and oxalate. However, the effect of the anion gap on clinical outcome in acute pesticide intoxication requires clarification. In this prospective study, we compared the anion gap and other parameters between surviving versus deceased pat...

PURPOSE The effect of one pesticide spraying season on DNA damage was measured on B and T lymphocytes among open-field farmers and controls. METHODS At least two peripheral blood samples were collected from each individual: one in a period without any pesticide application, several weeks after the last use (January, at period P0), and another in the intensive pesticide spraying period (May or...

the pollutants due to effect on the immune system of fish increase fish sensitivity to pathogens. diazinon is one of the most used organophosphates pesticide in many agricultural areas. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of diazinon on the immune system of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ) and application of milk thistle plant, vitis vinifera extract to reduce the adverse effects of th...

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture mainly to increase crop yields to cater huge supply of food products for increasing world population as well as to protect crops from pests and control insect-borne diseases. Increased use of pesticides results in contamination of the environment and the excess accumulation of pesticide residues in food products, which has always been a matter of seriou...

OBJECTIVE We studied the relation between Parkinson disease (PD) and professional exposure to pesticides in a community-based case-control study conducted in a population characterized by a high prevalence of exposure. Our objective was to investigate the role of specific pesticide families and to perform dose-effect analyses. METHODS PD cases (n = 224) from the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (Fr...

Various washing protocols have been assessed for efficacy using Agilent LC/MS and GC/MS instrumentation to measure pesticide residues in tomatoes and other produce. Washing procedures in water and various solutions, with and without sonication, were evaluated in the laboratory. In general, the effect of sonication depended on the washing treatment and on the pesticide. A separate experiment mea...