The primary focus of the study is the changes that occurred in the pesticide-use structure of cotton production sector of India, owing to the diffusion of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) technology. Studies from different countries show that transgenic Bt crops can reduce chemical pesticide use with positive economic, environmental, and health effects. However, most of these studies build on cross-...

A field study was conducted to explore the suitability of 5 pesticide deposition samplers for airborne spray and ground deposits from ultra-low-volume (ULV) space sprays. Samplers included horizontally stretched stationary cotton ribbons at 2 heights, rotating ribbon, rotating Teflon slides, and filter paper. Slides were also used for droplet-size analysis. A set of 7 samplers of each type was ...

A field study was conducted to explore the suitability of 5 pesticide deposition samplers for airborne spray and ground deposits from ultra-low-volume (ULV) space sprays. Samplers included horizontally stretched stationary cotton ribbons at 2 heights, rotating ribbon, rotating Teflon slides, and filter paper. Slides were also used for droplet-size analysis. A set of 7 samplers of each type was ...

The risk of poisoning bees by sprayed pesticides depends on the attractiveness plants and environmental climatic factors. Thus, to protect from pesticide intoxication, an usual exemption regulations allows for spraying blooming flowers with insecticides or acaricides when no are foraging crops. Nevertheless, decision-making criteria farmers assess absence their crops remain under debate. To fil...

Studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 at Lane, Oklahoma, to evaluate the economic benefits of managing lepidopterous pests of fresh-market cabbage using Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki, or a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with an economic threshold based on larval density. Marketable cabbage yield and percent head damage were not significantly different among plots spraye...

51 The rise of own-brand labels has made retailers more vulnerable and responsive to consumer 52 concerns. In response to widespread protest, the European food industry has sought to exclude 53 GM ingredients and to minimize pesticide usage from their supplies. In particular, retailers 54 have developed common practices or criteria for non-GM grain and lower-pesticide methods. 55 This cooperati...

Plant protection spray treatments may expose non-target organisms to pesticides. In the pesticide registration procedure, the honey bee represents one of the non-target model species for which the risk posed by pesticides must be assessed on the basis of the hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ is defined as the ratio between environmental exposure and toxicity. For the honey bee, the HQ calculation is...

Off-site movement of pesticides into groundwater or surface water has been detected. The movement of organophosphate insecticides into surface water, and the movement of winter-dormant herbicide sprays into groundwater are the primary concerns for alfalfa. A number of measures are suggested that may be useful to help mitigate these problems, but must be integrated with specific limitations and ...

Prenatal exposures to certain household and agricultural pesticides have been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Meanwhile, a separate body of research demonstrates that taking folic acid (FA) early in pregnancy may protect against these disorders. A new study joins the two bodies of research, suggesting that FA may reduce—but not completely offset—the ASD risk ...

A follow-up to a population-based case-control study of pediatric brain tumors in Los Angeles County, California, involving mothers of 224 cases and 218 controls, investigated the risk of household pesticide use from pregnancy to diagnosis. Risk was significantly elevated for prenatal exposure to flea/tick pesticides -odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.6-, particularly a...