Currently, petroleum hydrocarbons are the most abundantly used chemicals in the world. Manufactured from crude oil, petroleum hydrocarbons are found in gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, asphalt, and even some chemicals used in home or at work. Almost every person on this planet has once or more used a petroleum product or byproduct. Due to their wide de mand, they are transported all over the world...

Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins are widely used as wood adhesives in the industrial production of exterior-grade plywood panels, oriented strand board panels and particleboards due to their superior performance including high bonding strength, heat resistance, excellent water resistance and chemical stability1. However, phenol, one raw material for the synthesis of PF resins, is a petroleum-bas...

The aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas has been studied by using three liquefied petroleum gases as raw material and LBO-A as catalyst, and four lump kinetics models networks have been put up on the basis of lump theory and the aromatization reaction mechanism. In the network the aromatization reaction species was firstly lumped into C 4 , propylene, low molecule hydrocarbon, liq...

In 2000 the price of crude oil rose to levels not seen for more than 20 years, and as a result so did the price of oil products. The price hikes prompted public debate about the level of taxes determining the final prices paid by consumers. By one estimate, taxes accounted for 68 percent of the final price in the European Union in 2000 (OPEC 2000). But what about developing countries, where pet...

In the petrochemical industry, certain elements are known to impact the performance and value of the final product, while others have detrimental effects on petroleum refining processes, as in the case of elements which can deactivate or poison catalysts. Consequently, there are several ASTM methods on the elemental analysis of oils, lubricants and fuels. Multi-Element Analysis of Petroleum Cru...

In the post-9/11 United States, there is a heightened awareness of further terrorist attacks. Prominent amongst these concerns are attacks against infrastructure intended to disrupt the US economy, defense and society through destruction of power supply, bridges, highways, ports, sewer and water supply. In particular, the US depends on petroleum fuels. Disrupting petroleum fuel supply would cle...

MOTOR OILS Motor oils have been utilized since the development of steam engines as a buffer between moving and static engine components. The basic jobs of the lubricant are to prevent metal-to-metal contact and to transfer heat from friction away from the contact point. During the time of steam power, one of the best lubricants available was derived from rapeseed oil. With the development of in...

The aim of the research was to compare the effects of various petroleum products, biodiesel, diesel oil, fuel oil and unleaded petrol on soil dehydrogenases, and to evaluate biostimulation with compost and urea in the restoration of homeostasis of the soil contaminated with these products. The obtained results allowed for defining the weight of dehydrogenases in monitoring of the environment su...