The profiles of major volatile organic compound (VOC) sources in petrochemical industry of the Yangtze river delta, China, were experimentally determined. Source samples were taken using summa canister near the petrochemical units. The concentrations of 72 VOC species were quantified using canister sampling and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system, and VOC source profiles were develope...

Administration (EIA) provides analyses used to assess proposed energy and environmental policies and to make energy forecast for the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO). The tool used by EIA for these mid to long term forecasts is the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), a large-scale model of energy supply, demand, prices, and technologies. One component of NEMS is the Petroleum Marketing Module (P...

This paper presents a case study on the enhancement of environmental sustainability in a petroleum refining process based on an exergetic diagnostic approach. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) pinpointed crude oil production and electricity generating systems as the main sources of environmental unsustainability. The existing hot utility demand of the process is 78.4 MW with a temperature differe...

Petroleum refining industry uses large volumes of water. The water demand is up to 3 m3 of water for every ton of petroleum processed (US EPA, 1980, 1982; WB, 1998). Almost 56% of this quantity is used in cooling systems, 16% in boiling systems, 19% in production processes and the rest in auxiliary operations. The water usage in the Mexican refineries is almost 155 millions m3 per year; it is 2...

Introduction Petroleum refining utilize large quantities of water for desalting, distillation, thermal cracking, catalytic and treatment processes to produce useful products [liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, asphalt and petrochemical feedstock] 1-3. Refining process generates wastewater (0.4-1.6 times the volume of crude oil processed)4. Discharge of untreated petroleu...