1. The action of piperazine on mammalian smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles has been studied.2. Piperazine increased tone and produced a dose dependent contraction of isolated smooth muscle, which was antagonized by atropine.3. With cardiac muscle, piperazine depressed both the rate and force of contraction and was antagonized by atropine. At higher concentrations, a non-specific depression o...

Luffa acutangula L. (Common name: Ridge gourd, Family: Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable in India and other Asian countries. It is a healthy food and contains good amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals including Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, carotene, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron and small quantities of iodine and fluorine. It is reported to contain many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, sa...

Background and objectives: The genus Rosa is one of the most widespread members of Rosaceae family with more than 100 species. Rosa fruit (rosehip) has a long history of traditional uses in Islamic traditional medicine. It has been used for the treatment of several illnesses including ear, nose and throat problems, nausea and vomiting, headache and brain spasm...

background & aim: considering the inevitable side effects of chemical drugs, nowadays, herbal medicine has gained a special importance. cinnamon of lauraceae family, is commonly used as a food spice and medicine. it is famous to be, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, and antispastic. it also prevents abdominal bloating, increases sweating and uterus muscle constrictions...

pluronic based nano-particulate systems are innovative platforms for delivery of anti-cancer agents. these systems due to their pharmacological properties and suitable physicochemical characteristics are great opportunity for development cancer therapeutics. this mini-review tries to provide a more detailed overview on the currently available pluronic based drug delivery systems. in the section...

rhus coriaria l. is known as sumac. r. coriaria extracts are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological reputations in the south-eastern anatolia, mediterranean area and western asia especially in iran. regarding the new multi-functional properties of r. coriaria and the related valuable ongoing reports, we were prompted to review the phytochemical and pharmacological propertie...

In a study of human yawning Robert Provine (1986) remarked that yawning is a prominent stereotyped action pattem and releasing stimulus which “does not deserve its current status as a minor behavioural curiosity”. Indeed, “yawning may have the dubious distinction of being the least understood, common, human behaviour”. In contrast, a large body of experimental data has been collected during the...