one of the most important questions in epistemology is the nonphysical realities, like phenomenal consciousness. the main claim of physicalism is real explanations of events and properties are only physical explanations and representationalists are agree too. thus these realities can explained by the rule of biases of physical and objective events.on the other hand , phenomenalists maintain tha...

Contemporary phenomenal externalists are motivated to a large extent by the transparency of experience and by the related doctrine of representationalism. On their own, however, transparency and representationalism do not suffice to establish externalism. Hence we should hesitate to dismiss phenomenal internalism, a view shared by many generations of competent philosophers. Rather, we should ke...

From a classical Cartesian perspective, interactionism implies the transfer of thoughts and feelings from a non-physical phenomenal consciousness to the physical brain. Thereby, phenomenal consciousness is thought to control the physical body somehow like a marionette hanging by strings of non-physical thought. Differing from this depiction, a basic premise of the current interactionist hypothe...

This paper reviews four current theories of brain-consciousness relations—classical Cartesian Dualism, the Identity Theory, Eliminative Materialism, and a new form of Substance Dualism that includes a modifi ed form of the Cartesian theory. This entails a critical examination of our basic concepts of what consciousness is, of the nature of the body image, and the relation of phenomenal space to...

Often framed in the public discourse as Europe's ultimate Other, Muslims have been heftily debated and vastly problematised by politicians, pundits, intellectuals unwanted immigrants, part of a bad diversity, problematic, violent, refusals modernity, secularism, freedom. Thinking through body phenomenal lived body, we explore Othering set visual, auditory, olfactory, haptic encounters. Employin...

In theorizing about perception, philosophers have often multiplied qualities. To perceptible qualities of external objects, like colors and shapes (‘sensible’ qualities), have been added qualities of experiences (‘sensory’ qualities) or of sense-data (‘sensational’ qualities). Start with sensory qualities. The phrase ‘sensory quality’ is not much in use these days, having lost out to ‘phenomena...