BACKGROUND Down syndrome, phonological awareness, writing and working memory. AIM to evaluate the phonological awareness of Brazilian children with Down syndrome; to analyze the relationship between the writing hypothesis and the phonological awareness scores of the participants; to compare the performance of children with Down syndrome to that of children with typical development according t...

BACKGROUND Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is associated with phonological awareness, reading, and spelling deficits. Comparing literacy skills in CAS with other developmental speech disorders is critical for understanding the complexity of the disorder. AIMS This study compared the phonological awareness and reading development of children with CAS and children with inconsistent speech dis...

The aim of the present study was to compare the phonological errors that occur in the speech of two 12-year-old Greek children with profound hearing loss. The first child used a cochlear implant (CI) and the second one used hearing aids (HA). The children’s phonological development has been assessed using the Phonetic and Phonological Development Test (PPDT), (Levandi et al. 1995). In alignment...

BACKGROUND expressive vocabulary of children with normal and deviant phonological development. AIM to determine whether alterations presented by children with phonological disorders occur only at the phonological level or if there are any impacts on lexical acquisition; to compare the vocabulary performance of children with phonological disorders to reference values presented by the used test...

Adele Miccio recognized the paucity of information on the phonological development of children from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and emphasized the need to apply advances in bilingual phonological research toward an appropriate phonological measure for bilingual children. In the spirit of her pioneering work, the present study investigated both Mandarin and English phonological ...

Muka Qiang has two phonological tones. Contrary to typological expectations of a two-tone system, both are types of high tone: non-high syllables are toneless. The first type of tone is a high word tone that aligns with the left edge of the word and spreads rightward, linking to as many as four syllables; lexical prosodic domains longer than four syllables have not been observed. The other tone...

Well-developed phonological awareness skills are a core prerequisite for early literacy development. Although effective phonological awareness training programs exist, children at risk often do not reach similar levels of phonological awareness after the intervention as children with normally developed skills. Based on theoretical considerations and first promising results the present study exp...