The administration of N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline to fasted-refed rats produces an 8-fold stimulation of the relative rate of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in 90 min, as measured by isotopic immunochemical techniques in vivo. The mechanism of this induction was studied first by using a homologous, noninitiating cell-free protein-synthesizing system derive...

In Clostridium thermocellum, a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium able to rapidly ferment cellulose to ethanol, pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) is absent based on both the genome sequence and enzymatic assays. Instead, a new pathway converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate via a three-step pathway involving phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, NADH-linked malate dehydrogenase, and NADP-dependent ma...

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from chicken liver mitochondria and rat liver cytosol catalyzes the phosphorylation of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids such as glycolate, thioglycolate, and DL-beta-chlorolactate in reactions with absolute requirements for divalent cation activators. 31P NMR analysis of the reaction products indicates that phosphorylation occurs at the alpha-position to gene...

Pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) is an enzyme with high activity in most tissues. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1 .I .32) always has a restricted distribution. In vertebrates phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is found in tissues, such as liver and kidney cortex, with highgluconeogenicactivities (Scrutton & Utter, 1968). In thesetissues the enzyme operates together with pyruvate carboxyla...

1. A method for the assay of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is presented, based on the enzymic determination of the phosphoenolpyruvate produced by the enzyme reaction. 2. The subcellular distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the kidney of several animal species resembled the distribution in the liver. 3. The rise in enzyme activity in the kidney cortex of rats made acidotic b...

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from rat liver cytosol is activated by Fe2+ ions in either direction of catalysis. Preincubation of the purified enzyme with Fe2+ ions causes a time-dependent irreversible loss of activity; this is not seen with unpurified enzyme. Purified enzyme can be protected from inactivation by Fe2+ ions by partially purified protein fractions from liver (ferroactivator f...

Severe weight loss is associated with many malignant diseases of humans and animals. Avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses (RE viruses) induce runting in experimentally infected chickens. Chickens infected with a replication-competent RE virus, reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus, weighed 30-50% less than control birds at the time of death. Chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus, a...

The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, ;malic enzyme', citrate-cleavage enzyme and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assayed in homogenates of rumen mucosa, liver and adipose tissue of cattle. Rumen mucosa cytoplasm contained activities of ;malic enzyme' approximately sevenfold those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, suggesting that the conversion of propionate into lacta...

Previous work from our laboratory (Watford, M., Hod, Y., Chiao, Y. B., Utter M. F., and Hanson R. W. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10023-10027) indicated that in the chicken, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is in the mitochondria, whereas kidney contains both a mitochondrial and cytosolic form of the enzyme. In the present study the two forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were pur...