The activated sludge biodegradability of 12 commercial phthalate esters was evaluated in two test systems: (i) a semicontinuous activated sludge test and (ii) an acclimated 19-day die-away procedure. Both procedures demonstrated that phthalate esters are rapidly biodegraded under activated sludge conditions when loss of the parent phthalate ester (primary degradation) is measured.

Due to public health concerns, the Chinese government and the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) both introduced test methods for the analysis of phthalate content in childcare items and toys using GC/MS in 2008. These regulatory methods require determination of the presence of six regulated phthalate esters including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylh...

Phthalate esters have been widely used in industrial nations as plasticizers, in cosmetics, insect repellants, and munitions (Ribbons et al., 19847 Peakall, 1975). Due to the abundance of plastic materials in use, it has been estimated that 51 million pounds of phthalate esters leach into the environment annually (Ribbons et al., 1984). Phthalate esters have been found in many environmental sam...

BACKGROUND This work reports the determination of the levels of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP)) and metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc, iron, calcium) in composite soil samples. The soil samples were collected randomly within the Muledane open dump, Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa. Cont...

Background: Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products. Several pharmaceutical products have been stored in PET containers, and due to serious health effects of phthalates, migration levels of them into pharmaceutical products must be determined. In the present study, leaching levels of four common phthalate esters including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP...

dibutyl phthalate (dbp) is a phthalic acid ester and is widely used in polymeric products to make them more flexible. dbp is found in almost every plastic material and is believed to be persistent in the environment. various analytical methods have been used to measure dbp in different matrices. considering the ubiquitous nature of dbp, the most important challenge in dbp analyses is the contam...

Phthalate esters are endocrine disrupters or mutagens. They are widely used as plasticizers and can be usually found in environmental samples, such as food, soil and polluted air. However, it is difficult to directly determine phthalate esters owing to their relatively low concentration and complex matrices. Therefore, preconcentration and separation have become increasingly important. In recen...

Phthalic acid esters, or phthalate esters, are generally well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Hydrolysis to the corresponding monoester metabolite, with release of an alcoholic substituent, largely occurs prior to intestinal absorption of the longer-chain alkyl derivatives such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Phthalate esters are widely distributed ...

With the recent demonstration of the migration of phthalate ester plasticizers from vinyl plastic biomedical devices (1-4), its identification in human and animal tissues (5, 6), and evidence for its ubiquitous distribution in the environment (7, 8),tt it has become necessary to reevaluate the toxicologic potential of this class of chemical compounds. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), as an exa...

The phthalate esters contents of children toys were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Understanding the distribution of ubiquitous phthalate esters in plastic products were necessary because of their subtle toxicity to humans. The phthalate esters were obtained using liquid-liquid extraction procedure, after which the extracts were cleaned up using solid phase clean ...