This study evaluated the occurrence and frequency of the anatomical variations of the origin and course of the posterior intercostal arteries (PIA) in 44 human cadavers. During a classical anatomical dissection of each cadaver an anomalous course of the PIA, defined as a thoracic vertebral artery, was found in six (14%) individuals. Every dorsally coursing PIA was taken into account, regardless...

BACKGROUND A recent report from the British Nuffield Council on Bioethics associated 'emerging biotechnologies' with a threefold challenge: 1) uncertainty about outcomes, 2) diverse public views on the values and implications attached to biotechnologies and 3) the possibility of creating radical changes regarding societal relations and practices. To address these challenges, leading internation...

BACKGROUND A major complication of using medical devices is the development of biofilm-associated infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis where polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) is a major mechanism of biofilm accumulation. PIA affects innate and humoral immunity in isolated cells and animal models. Few studies have examined these effects in prosthetic joint infection (PJI). M...

Privacy Impact Assessments (PIA) are increasingly used and, in certain jurisdictions, legally mandated in projects to foresee risks to privacy and to plan strategies to avoid these. Once adopted and implemented, the EU’s Data Protection Regulation will, in certain circumstances require the need for a PIA. This short paper focuses upon the PIA process in an EU-funded project to develop cloud-bas...

AbstrAct Many real-world problems can be viewed and represented as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). In addition, many of these problems are distributed in nature. To this end, we combine agents with a special type of CSP called an Interval Algebra network (IA network). An IA network is a graph where each node represents an interval. Directed edges in the network are labelled with tempor...

OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate myocardial viability (inotropic reserve) after myocardial infarction (MI) and its relationship with the presence of unstable pre-infarction angina (PIA). BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that PIA can limit infarct size, but it is not known whether PIA can elicit myocardial viability after an acute MI, with left ventricular function improvement. METH...

Adenosine, via interaction with A1 adenosine receptors, increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes. To investigate regulation of this system, adipocytes were incubated for up to 72 h with the nonmetabolizable adenosine receptor agonist, N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA). Adenosine receptors were measured by the binding of 125I-hydroxyphenylisopropyl adenosine to membran...

BACKGROUND The presence of pre-infarction angina (PIA) has been shown to confer cardioprotection after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the clinical impact of PIA in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS From the obseRvatoire des Infarctus de Côte d'Or (RICO) survey, 1541 consecutive patients admitted ...

The Parent Interview for Autism-Clinical Version (PIA-CV) was developed to measure autism symptom severity across a wide range of behavioral domains. Two studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the PIA-CV for a sample of children under 3 years old. Results of study 1 revealed adequate internal consistency for nine of the 11 PIA-CV dimensions, as well as significant grou...

OBJECTIVES To validate with an independent study that simple atrophy/postatrophic hyperplastic lesions (proliferative inflammatory atrophy [PIA]) often merge directly with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). METHODS Using radical prostatectomies (n =14), all high-grade PIN and adenocarcinoma lesions were identified. We examined the two-dimensional topographic relationship be...