this review gives an overview of our recent findings and developments in research on brain mechanisms of morphine reward from studies using the place preference conditioning paradigm. intracranial place conditioning methodology has become a valuable and firmly established and very widely used tool in behavioural pharmacology and drug reward mechanisms. several studies have established that morp...

background: previous studies have confirm the effects of water extract of crocus sativus on the euphoric and behavioral properties of morphine in mice. objective: in the present study, the effects of intra-accumbal administration of alcohol extract of crocus sativus stigma on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (cpp) in male wistar rats (250-300 g) we...

introduction: activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. in addition, nmda receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preferenc...

introduction: the influence of ascorbic acid on the nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (cpp) and behavioral sensitization was investigated in the present study. methods: in a pilot study, place conditioning and locomotor activity were investigated after nicotine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg) administration. different doses of ascor...

introduction: topiramate is a newly anti-convulsant drug, which acts as nmda glutamate receptor antagonist as well as the gabab receptor agonist. it is used for physical dependence to opioids as well as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and ecstasy dependence. in the present study attempts were made to further identification of the effects of topiramate on the acquisition and expression of morphine-in...

introduction: several investigations have indicated that dopamine d receptors could influence morphine 2 eward. the influence of olanzapine (a d dopamine receptor antagonist) on the morphine-induced conditioned 2 lace preference (cpp) in male and female mice was investigated in the present study. methods: the effects of olanzapine on the acquisition and expression of morphine cpp in male and fe...

M1 muscarinic receptor has been shown to be involved in cognitive functions of the brain. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm involves memory for the association between environmental stimuli and the rewarding properties produced by a treatment. Using a balanced CPP design, we studied the possible involvement of M1 muscarinic receptors on the acquisition, expression and consolidation of...

downward phase of dose-response morphine converted u shape curve was chosen as a base for investigating the effects of different doses of naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg) on morphine reward/aversion properties using place preference method. first, male wistar rats (200-220 g) were received morphine (1-7.5 mg/kg) for place conditioning and marginal dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) calculated by graphpad soft...

Introduction: Topiramate is a newly anti-convulsant drug, which acts as NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist as well as the GABAB receptor agonist. It is used for physical dependence to opioids as well as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and ecstasy dependence. In the present study attempts were made to further identification of the effects of topiramate on the acquisition and expression of morphine...

The use of a virtual reality environment (VRE) enables behavioral scientists to create different spatial contexts in which human participants behave freely, while still confined to the laboratory. In this article, VRE was used to study conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion (CPA). In Experiment 1, half of the participants were asked to visit a house for two minutes with consonant music...