The present paper describes a detailed study on the distribution of radionuclides along Chavara - Neendakara placer deposit, a high background radiation area (HBRA) along the Southwest coast of India (Kerala). Judged from our studies using HPGe gamma spectrometric detector, it becomes evident that Uranium ((238)U), Thorium ((232)Th) and Potassium ((40)K) are the major sources for radioactivity ...

In this paper we study the correlation between wirelength and routability for standard-cell placement problem, under the modern place-androute environment. We present a placement tool named Dragon (version 2.1), and show its ability to produce good quality placement for designs with high row utilization. Compared to an industrial placer and an academic state-of-the-art placer, Dragon can produc...

We propose a routability-driven analytical placer that aims at distributing pins evenly. This is accomplished by including a group of pin density constraints in its mathematical formulation. Moreover, for mixed-size circuits, we adopt a scaled smoothing method to cope with fixed macro blocks. As a result, we have fewer cells overlapping with fixed blocks after global placement, implying that th...

In studying of the in situ gravitational concentration process part feature for placer, the technological ability to transform the in situ massif placer structure is evident. The two main processes involved in altering the massif in situ have been examined and outlined in detail. The in situ disintegration of massif material results in a new massif gravitational stratification structure. Regula...

Geographic information system (GIS) technology has been applied to analyze the offshore marine placer gold deposits at Nome, Alaska. Two geodatabases, namely Integrated Geodatabase (IG) and Regularized 2.5D Geodatabase (R2.5DG), were created to store and integrate digital data sets in heterogeneous formats. The IG served as a data warehouse and used to manage various geological data, such as bo...

Nome placer offshore gold grade estimation is a challenging problem in light of extreme ore heterogeneity. However, this type of phenomenon is quite common in placer ore grade variation. Further, the characterization of spatial ore grade variability and subsequent ore grade modelling of the deposit becomes problematic due to the unavailability of adequate samples. Being located in the Arctic, t...

Force-directed placers are an attractive approach for placement and are of interest for several reasons. Large standard cell and mixed-size problems are handled seemlessly by such methods. Furthermore, force-directed placers provide continuous trajectories for cell locations and therefore seem quite amenable to timingand congestion-driven placement, physical re-synthesis, and so forth. Unfortun...

in studying of the in situ gravitational concentration process part feature for placer, the technological ability to transform the in situ massif placer structure is evident. the two main processes involved in altering the massif in situ have been examined and outlined in detail. the in situ disintegration of massif material results in a new massif gravitational stratification structure. regula...