Natural plant extracts / products have the potential as safe alternatives for chemical fungicides in plant disease management. Methanol and pure methanol: water (50:50 v/v) extracts of peppermint, lavandula, eucalyptus, datura and nettle were screened for their antifungal activity against Alternaria sesami, the causal agent of Alternaria leaf spot of sesame at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations in Sh...

Pathogens commonly possess naturally occurring intraspecific variation for traits associated with pathogenicity or virulence. Studies of host–pathogen interactions frequently fail to acknowledge this variation, particularly in studies of necrotrophic plant pathogens, where the molecular bases of defense are largely unknown. Necrotrophic plant pathogens, in contrast to obligate parasites of livi...

Early in infection, pathogens encounter the outer wall of plant cells. Because pathogen hydrolases targeting the plant cell wall are well-known components of virulence, it has been assumed that wall disassembly by the plant itself also contributes to susceptibility, and now this has been established experimentally. Understanding how plant morphological and developmental remodeling and pathogen ...

Plant pathogens have evolved by developing different strategies to infect their host, which in turn have elaborated immune responses to counter the pathogen invasion. The apoplast, including the cell wall and extracellular space outside the plasma membrane, is one of the first compartments where pathogen-host interaction occurs. The plant cell wall is composed of a complex network of polysaccha...

UNLABELLED The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae causes disease in a wide range of plants. The associated decrease in crop yields results in economic losses and threatens global food security. Competition exists between the plant immune system and the pathogen, the basic principles of which can be applied to animal infection pathways. P. syringae uses a type III secretion system (T3...

Microbial pathogens have evolved protein effectors to promote virulence and cause disease in host plants. Pathogen effectors delivered into plant cells suppress plant immune responses and modulate host metabolism to support the infection processes of pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as cellular signaling molecules to trigger plant immune responses, such as pathogen-associated molecu...

! Abstract Novel plant-pathogen combinations occur whenever pathogen or plant species are introduced to regions outside their native range. Whether a pathogen is able to acquire a new host depends on the genetic compatibility between the two, through either preadaptation of the pathogen or subsequent evolutionary change. The ecological outcome of the novel interaction—for example, a spreading d...

Plant-pathogen interactions are an important knowledge domain within plant biotechnology, both scientifically and in economic terms. Unlike other knowledge domains within life sciences, however, semantic technologies have not been used extensively to codify it, therefore, there is a lack of axiomatic models amenable to automated integration and inference. We present the Plant-Pathogen Interacti...