In biotechnology has been concentrated to review alternative routes for the production of natural compounds. Plant cell culture systems are viable alternatives for the production of secondary metabolites that are of commercial importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, relatively very few cultures synthesize these compounds over extended periods in amounts comparable to those fo...

In recent years, metabolism researches using nanomaterials have been focusing on human and animal cells, and therefore very limited data are available about influence of nanomaterials on biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. Plants produce different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, and alkaloids, which are known to act as vital mediators f...

This review outlines the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites and lectins, compounds usually associated to defense mechanisms of plants. Secondary metabolites are separated into nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, non-protein amino acids, amines, alcamides, cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates) and nonnitrogen compounds (monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, sesquiterp...

Secondary plant compounds are important signals in several symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions. The present review is limited to two groups of secondary plant compounds, flavonoids and strigolactones, which have been reported in root exudates. Data on flavonoids as signaling compounds are available from several symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, whereas only re...

SYNOPSIS. Plant secondary compounds are deterrents and toxins to a variety of herbivores. The effect of secondary compounds on water balance of herbivores is virtually unexplored, yet many secondary compounds are renowned for their diuretic effects in humans and laboratory rats. We review data from the ethnopharmocological literature on plants with diuretic effects. We also present our data fro...

salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate (meja) as phytohormone regulate synthesis of secondary metabolites in a wide range of plant species thereby accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme (pal) and accelerate of oxygen free radicals, protein kinas and no production. the present research designed to evaluate effect of sa and meja elicitation on accumulation of phenolic compounds, fla...

Bird repellents that are effective have tended to be toxic, while those that are relatively nontoxic have tended to be ineffective. There is a need for repellents that work well and safely. Interest has focused on the natural chemical defenses used by plants to defend themselves from herbivores. Preferences of bullfinches in orchards for different pear cultivars were correlated with biochemical...

1. Theory predicts that herbivores will regulate doses of potentially toxic plant secondary compounds (PSCs) by adjusting meal size, the interval between meals and water intake. Furthermore, the PSC concentrations at which these behavioural modifications are employed are predicted to be species dependent because of interspecific variation in biotransformation capacities. 2. To investigate these...