The paper deals with the study of the spatial distribution and the design of sampling plans for estimating nymph densities of the grape leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball in vine plant canopies. In a reference vineyard sampled for model parameterization, leaf samples were repeatedly taken according to a multistage, stratified, random sampling procedure, and data were subjected to an ANOVA. The...

the growing demand for animal products has made importance of the utilization of biotechnological techniques in improvement of forage crops such as sainfoin. in this research, the effects of different levels of auxin (naa and iba) and cytokinin (bap, zeatin and tdz) on in vitro growth response of shoot apex explants of shahrkord and khansar cultivars of sainfoin were investigated. for this, sho...

Studies were conducted in early 2003 to determine the effect of root source and length on yield of adventitious shoots and plant yield from root cuttings of Arkansas-developed thornless blackberries. In the first study, roots from ‘Arapaho’ and ‘Apache’ plants grown in an aboveground bed containing commercial potting soil were compared to field-grown roots. Bed-grown roots averaged 6.9 shoots p...

In vitro multiple shoots, root, callus and cell suspension cultures of Withania somnifera exhibited the potentiality to produce pharmacologically active withanolides. Multiple shoots cultures exhibited an increase in withanolide A accumulation compared to shoots of the mother plant. In vitro generated root cultures as well as callus and suspension cultures also produced withanolides albeit at l...

The effect of cadmium compounds containing selenium in different oxidation states such as Se(IV), Se(VI), and Se(–II) on production characteristics, shoot water content and chlorophyll content in the leaves as well as Cd and Se accumulation in plant organs of Hypericum perforatum plants was investigated. Complexes with nicotinamide (nia) of the type Cd(NCX)2(nia)2 where X = Se or S as well as C...

The rice white tip nematode (RWTN), Aphelenchoides besseyi and the chrysanthemum foliar nematode (CFN), Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi are migratory plant parasitic nematodes that infect the aboveground parts of plants. In this research, Arabidopsis thaliana was infected by RWTN and CFN under indoor aseptic cultivation, and the nematodes caused recognizable symptoms in the leaves. Furthermore, RWTN...

To study the influence of rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Kurram Agency, Pakistan during 2007. The rhizobium inoculation significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters of groundnut cultivars. However, the maximum plant height (88.43 cm), number of shoots (19.9 plant), number of leaves (173.27 plant), num...

To develop an ef®cient procedure for plant regeneration from leaf-derived callus of Lavandula vera DC, the production of multiple shoots and the formation of roots from these shoots were studied. When calli were cultured in a medium with 4.0 10ÿ7 M N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N0phenylurea (CPPU), urea-type cytokinin, multiple shoots were obtained from the greenish surface of the callus ef®ciently at...

In animals, the ability to move has evolved as an important means of protection from predators and for enhancing nutrient uptake. In the animal kingdom, an individual's movements may become coordinated with those of other individuals that belong to the same group, which leads, for example, to the beautiful collective patterns that are observed in flocks of birds and schools of fish or in animal...

An efficient procedure for in vitro shoot production of the medicinal plant sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) was developed. Of three cytokinins tested, zeatin (ZEA) at a concentration of 2 μM resulted in the formation of large numbers of adventitious shoots on leaf explants. A larger size of the small shoots was achieved by combining a 2-weeks preculture with ZEA (step 1: shoot induction) with ...