349 Maasai children younger than 6 years old were randomised by alternate household to drink water either left in plastic bottles exposed to sunlight on the roof of the house or kept indoors (control). The trial was run in Maasai by Maasai community elders. Children drinking solar disinfected water had a significantly lower risk of severe diarrhoeal disease over 8705 two weekly follow up visits...

This study was designed to examine the validity of a new gas dilution method (GD) for measuring human body volume and to compare its accuracy with the results obtained by the underwater weighing method (UW). We measured the volume of plastic bottles and 16 subjects (including two females), aged 18-42 years with each method. For the bottles, the volume measured by hydrostatic weighing was correl...

The proportion of plastic bottles that consumers placed in appropriate recycling receptacles rather than trash bins was examined across 3 buildings on a university campus. We extended previous research on interventions to increase recycling by controlling the number of recycling receptacles across conditions and by examining receptacle location without the use of posted signs. Manipulating the ...

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is an uncomplicated and cheap technology providing individuals with safe drinking water by exposing water-filled plastic bottles to sunlight for 6 hours to kill waterborne pathogens. Two communities were visited, and 81 families (40 SODIS users and 41 nonusers) were interviewed. The relationship between several factors and the intention to use SODIS in the futur...

This paper describes some biochemical applications of a self-filling, self-measuring, disposable, dilution micropipet. The device consists of a precision capillary in a plastic adapter and an attachable plastic bottle containing a premeasured volume of diluent or reagent. The human error in measuring microvolumes of liquid is elimicted by the self-filling, self-measuring action of the capillary...

Calf starter was offered to 40 calves in a plastic bucket or from a nipple bottle, and intake, growth, and selected blood parameters were measured. The nipple was designed with a large opening to allow feed particles to pass through the nipple during meals. Calves began the study at 7 d of age and were fed for 56 d. A commercially prepared calf starter was offered for ad libitum consumption fro...

In order to utilize or to extract the shape information of objects in an image for recognition, classification or retrieval, a method for representing shape is needed. In this paper, work on representing plastic bottle shape using morphological based approach for automated classification is reported. Morphological operations are used to describe the structure or form of an image. There are thre...