The formation of the apical hook in dicotyledonous seedlings is believed to be effected by gravity in the dark. However, this notion is mostly based on experiments with the hook formed on the hypocotyl, and no detailed studies are available with the developmental manners of the hook, particularly of the epicotyl hook. The present study aims at clarifying the dynamics of hook formation including...

Seeds and young seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under exposure to Copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were studied by employing a hydroponic experiment. Addition of Cu or Pb or Zn to the solution inhibited seed germination, plumule and radicle elongation. The toxic of metals to seed germination parameters can be arranged in the rank order of inhibition as follows: Cu > Pb >> Zn. This...

to study the effects of sowing dates on seed germination and on seed vigor of 12 spring rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was performed in years 2005-2006. during the first year, 12 cultivars of spring rapeseed were planted in the research field of seed and plant improvement institute, karaj, iran. during the second year, standard germination test was conducted to study the performance of the s...

A cDNA encoding a nucleolar protein was selected from a pea (Pisum sativum) plumule library, cloned, and sequenced. The translated sequence of the cDNA has significant percent identity to Xenopus laevis nucleolin (31%), the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nucleolin homolog (66%), and the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) nucleolin homolog (NSR1) (28%). It also has sequence patterns in its primary stru...

There has been some concern about using small seeds that may result from seed position on the ear or poor growing conditions for seeding hybrid maize. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seeding three commercial maize crosses (Single Cross 2010, Three-Way Cross 310 and Three-Way Cross 321) with three seed sizes (large, medium and small) under seven salinity levels of irrigation...

The production of ethylene by etiolated pea epicotyls (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska) is confined to the plumule and plumular hook portion of the epicotyl, and occurs at a rate of about 6 mul.kg(-1).hr(-1). Such a rate is sufficient to give physiologically active concentrations of ethylene within the tissue. Exposure of etiolated seedlings to a single dose of red light caused a transient decreas...

Seed orientation and its impacts on germination seedling establishment mainly depend the type of (hypogeal (or) epigeal), seed size shape. Higher per cent is noticed when seeds are sown in horizontal position. Planting a downward position can lead to variety physiological, chemical morphological changes seedlings. Consequences usually manifested as noticeable modifications their development. Vi...

Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) are essential for ribosome biogenesis, plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation, and early chloroplast development. This study identifies the first rice PRP mutant, asl1 (albino seedling lethality1), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. This albino phenotype was associated with altered chlorophyll (Chl) content and c...