Purpose. To compare the results of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) with or without Haglund's deformity. Methods. Between September 2014 and May 2015, all patients who underwent ESWT were retrospectively enrolled in this study. A total of 67 patients were available for follow-up and assigned into nondeformtiy group (n = 37) and deformtiy group...

Making judgments about people is a difficult task, and various efforts have been made to achieve greater accuracy in the judgments. The most popular attempt has been the adoption of Likert-type (typically five point) scales for rating people on certain dimensions or competencies. In order to achieve any degree of accuracy from these Likert scaling procedures, considerable training of all raters...

PURPOSE Computer-assisted learning (CAL) tools are often used in medical education as it can complement conventional teaching formats and as an alternative to animal experiments in undergraduate medical students. To identify if there is any benefit of integrating CAL tools with conventional teaching format in pharmacology for a specific topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of fourth semest...

Purpose: To produce up-to-date inventories for satisfaction and Likert scales that contain commonly used scale point descriptors and their respective mean scale values and standard

The Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) model allows estimating the latent trait scores of respondents directly through their responses in forced-choice questionnaires. It solves a part of problems brought by the traditional scoring methods of this kind of questionnaires. However, the forced-choice designs may still have their own limitations: The model may encounter underidentification and ...

BACKGROUND The Pediatrics Milestone Project uses behavioral anchors, narrative descriptions of observable behaviors, to describe learner progression through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies. Starting June 2014, pediatrics programs were required to submit milestone reports for their trainees semiannually. Likert-type scale assessment tools were not designed t...

Opinion-based questionnaires on Likert scales are commonly used in assessing health care utilization, facilitating factors and barriers. There is a need to set up a cut-off point in them to arrive at a conclusion. It is also important to set up a cut-off point on overall items in Likert scalebased questionnaires used for assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. In this article, we show how t...

A two-day CPD (continuous professional development) course teaching integrated back stability (IBS) to post-graduate physiotherapists, sports therapists, and massage therapists was evaluated using a descriptive (mixed methods) design. An eight-question, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and six person focus group were used. The course was evaluated over a five-year period and questionnaires we...