Geometric frustration gives rise to new fundamental phenomena and is known to yield the formation of exotic states of matter, such as incommensurate crystals, modulated liquid-crystalline phases, and phases stabilized by defects. In this Letter, we present a detailed study of polar structure of freely suspended fluid filaments in a polarization modulated liquid-crystal phase. We show that a per...

We present a continuum level analytical model of a droplet of active contractile fluid consisting of filaments and motors. We calculate the steady state flows that result from a splayed polarisation of the filaments. We account for interaction with the external medium by imposing a viscous friction at the fixed droplet boundary. We then show that the droplet has non-zero force dipole and quadru...

We study the dynamics of systems with a polar dynamic preferred direction. Examples include the pattern-forming growth of bacteria as well as shoals of fish, flocks of birds and migrating insects. Due to the fact that the preferred direction only exists dynamically, but not statically, the macroscopic variable of choice is the macroscopic velocity associated with the motion of the active units,...

We derive a fully covariant theory of the hydrodynamics nematic and polar active surfaces, subjected to internal external forces torques. study symmetries surfaces find that in addition 5 different types in-plane isotropic can be classified into polar, 2 pseudopolar, pseudonematic surfaces. give examples physical realisations we have identified. obtain expressions for equilibrium tensions, mome...

The problem of relativistic stellar pulsations is studied in a somewhat ad hoc approximation that ignores all fluid motions. This Inverse Cowling Approximation (ICA) is motivated by two observations: 1) For highly damped (w-mode) oscillations the fluid plays very little role. 2) If the fluid motion is neglected the problem for polar oscillation modes becomes similar to that for axial modes. Usi...

By taking into consideration the dipole structure of the polar heads of model membrane molecules, ripple phase modelling was achievable. Computer simulations enabled the selective analysis of a model membrane. Considering only the hydrophobic part of the lipid membrane, the gel-fluid transition stage can be obtained in such a simulation. Assuming an additional degree of freedom, the whole molec...