BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pollination drop is a liquid secretion produced by the ovule and exposed outside the micropyle. In many gymnosperms, pollen lands on the surface of the pollination drop, rehydrates and enters the ovule as the drop retracts. The objective of this work was to study the formation of the pollination drop in Juniperus communis, its carbohydrate composition and the response to...

The objective of the research was to assess a grade of parthenocarpic fruit and fruitsetting following cross-pollination and self-pollination in pepino plants (Solanum muricatum Ait.). An experiment with six pepino clones of different origin was set up in glasshouse conditions. Experimental clones were subjected to the following treatments: self-pollination, cross-pollination, and emasculation ...

Pollination systems and associated floral traits generally differ between core and marginal populations of a species. However, such differences are rarely examined in plants with a mixed wind- and bumblebee-pollination system, and the role of wind pollination during range expansion in ambophilous plants remains unclear. We compared floral traits and the contributions of bumblebee and wind polli...

To obtain the best quality and quantity of pistachio fruits, knowing the most suitable time of pollination, is of paramount importance. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pollination time, different stages of female flower development, including A (lower florets opened and clusters were green), B (lower and medial florets opened and clusters were green), C (all florets opened...

For sexual reproduction of Allium hirtifolium, collected bulbs were planted in the field. In order to develop ovary embryo and seed setting, control self-pollination and natural open pollination took placed using honey bees under cages. Ovary development and seed setting of A. hirtifolium extraordinary were affected by pollination and there was a significant difference between mean effect of se...

pollination is the mechanical transfer of male pollen of a flower on the female stigma.this process has a fundamental role to survive the plants species.since this process is invisible ,its importance has been ignored.insufficient pollination can be harmful for the farmer instead of being useful.pollination can be done via some ways.the most important ways are done by insects and wind.pistachio...

Most gymnosperms are wind-pollinated, but some are insect-pollinated, and in Ephedra (Gnetales), both wind pollination and insect pollination occur. Little is, however, known about mechanisms and evolution of pollination syndromes in gymnosperms. Based on four seasons of field studies, we show an unexpected correlation between pollination and the phases of the moon in one of our studied species...

Pollination of insect pollinated crops has been found to be correlated to pollinator abundance and diversity. Since organic farming has the potential to mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity, it may also benefit crop pollination, but direct evidence of this is scant. We evaluated the effect of organic farming on pollination of strawberry plants focusing on (1...

Value estimates of ecosystem goods and services are useful to justify the allocation of resources towards conservation, but inconclusive estimates risk unsustainable resource allocations. Here we present replacement costs as a more accurate value estimate of insect pollination as an ecosystem service, although this method could also be applied to other services. The importance of insect pollina...