BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. The prevalence of smoking is estimated to be increasing in many low-income countries, including Tanzania, especially among women and youth. Even so, the implementation of tobacco control measures has been discouraging in the country. Efforts to foster investment in tobacco control are hindered by lack of e...

When investigating the treatment of contaminated soils, the application of biotreatment is growing rapidly. Factors influencing this rapid growth include that the bioremediation processes are cost-efficient, safe, and nature-based. In the past, thermal, chemical, and physical treatment methods have failed to eliminate the pollution problem because those methods only shift the pollution to a new...

The Urban Water Security Research Alliance (UWSRA) is a $50 million partnership over five years between the Queensland Government, CSIRO's Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Griffith University and The University of Queensland. The Alliance has been formed to address South East Queensland's emerging urban water issues with a focus on water security and recycling. The program will bring new r...

Since the present researches on pollution control for textile printing & dyeing industry are mainly focused on qualitative description up to now, instead of special quantitative analysis, based on the census data of pollution sources, this paper adopts literature collection method and single-factor variance components method for continuous variables to identify the factors influencing cost for ...

Recent research suggests the burden of childhood asthma that is attributable to air pollution has been underestimated in traditional risk assessments, and there are no estimates of these associated costs. We aimed to estimate the yearly childhood asthma-related costs attributable to air pollution for Riverside and Long Beach, CA, USA, including: 1) the indirect and direct costs of healthcare ut...

In this paper, we present a dynamic model modified with emission permit banking and pollution abatement, and investigate the effect of emission permit banking and pollution abatement on the production–inventory strategy of the firm. After introducing emission permit banking and pollution abatement, the cost function consists of the inventory holding and production costs, the cost of investment ...

Undesirable Output such as pollution and waste may occasionally occur in the production process, which should be reduced to improve efficiency. In the present study, cost efficiency model is presented in the presence of undesirable output by Inverse Linear Programming, and the desirable cost is calculated in order to achieve cost efficiency for units that are technically efficient but not cost-...

The total damage cost is the sum of renovation cost and amenity loss. We show that amenity loss can be inferred from renovation expenditures without carrying out a contingent valuation; the amenity loss is approximately equal to the renovation cost. We review the methodologies for calculating air pollution damage to buildings, as well as the data available for their implementation in France. Th...

Nowadays generation capacity in traditional grid depends on fossil fuels and contributes significantly to the increase of pollution emission. In deregulated grids in addition to using demand response programs (DRPs) to reducing the cost of electricity production, peak clipping and improve reliability use of green Plants such as hydro plant, wind plant become widespread. In a smart grid, end use...

Using China’s provincial economic and pollution data from 1992 to 2008, we employ data envelope analysis (DEA) and econometric analyses to explicitly estimate technical efficiency and examine the role of technical efficiency, pollution control instruments (pollution levy and pollution quantity control), and prices of production inputs on pollution intensity. We find that an increase of labor wa...