Information asymmetries are commonplace in strategic interactions. In this paper, we explore how having a small amount of information about an opponent’s strategy can affect play and ultimately payoffs in games. Using an agent-based model in which agents play one another in iterated two-player games and evolve their strategies, we study what happens when we give some agents knowledge of their o...

This study uses the Agent-Based Identity Repertoire model to investigate the ability of populations to adapt and learn in an unpredictable environment. The authors’ findings highlight the trade-off between adaptation and diversity in the pursuit of performance but also show that this trade-off is far from straightforward. Increasing sophistication improves the ability to adapt but reduces diver...

Catastrophic events have raised numerous issues concerning how effectively the built environment accommodates the evacuation needs of individuals with disabilities. Individuals with disabilities represent a significant, yet often overlooked, portion of the population disproportionately affected in emergency situations. Incorporating disability considerations into emergency evacuation planning, ...

Little is known on how different levels of population heterogeneity and different patterns of human mobility would affect the course of an epidemic in terms of timing and impact. By employing a large-scale spatially-explicit individual-based model, based on a highly detailed model of the European populations and on a carefully analysis of air and railway transportation data, we provide quantita...

An alternative to Darwinian-like artiicial evolution is ooered by Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL): this algorithm memorizes the best past individuals and uses this memory as a distribution, to generate the next population from scratch. This paper extends PBIL from boolean to continuous search spaces. A Gaussian model is used for the distribution of the population. The center of thi...

purpose: to determine prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors in elderly population of yazd, iran. methods: this is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed between 2010 and 2011. the participants were among the subjects aged from 40 to 80 years old. the samples were selected from urban and rural inhabitants using multi-stage random cluster sampling design. all partici...

clinical research usually involves patients with a certain disease or a condition. the generalizability of clinical research findings is based on multiple factors related to the internal and external validity of the research methods. the main methodological issue that influences the generalizability of clinical research findings is the sampling method. in this educational article, we are explai...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of the refractive errors in the elderly population of sari, iran methods : in this study, after selecting the participants through random cluster sampling, they all received ocular examinations including visual acuity (va) measurement, refraction, fundoscopy and tonometry. after measuring uncorrected visual acuity (ucva), non-cycloplegic refraction was perf...

In this paper we examine how the process of mate search, degree of mate choice and degree of mate fidelity may interact to affect long-term population dynamics of sexually reproducing species. In particular, we address the following questions: are degree of mate choice and degree of mate fidelity correlated? How does mate search shape this relationship? How does longevity affect mating behaviou...

Several agent-based frameworks have been proposed to investigate the possible reasons that lead humans to act in the interest of others while giving up individual gains. In this paper we propose a novel framework for analyzing this phenomenon based on the notions of social importance and local discrimination. We propose a “favors game”, where a recipient agent can “claim” a favor to a donor age...