BACKGROUND Suicide rates vary markedly between areas but it is unclear whether this is due to differences in population composition or to contextual factors operating at an area level. AIMS To determine if area factors are independently related to suicide risk after adjustment for individual and family characteristics. METHOD A 5-year record linkage study was conducted of 1,116,748 non-inst...

background: no study has been conducted yet on the process of adjustment of wives with their husbands’ erectile dysfunction in the transitional stages, and there is lack of understanding of this process in iran. objectives: a qualitative, grounded-theory study was designed to examine the process of adjustment of wives with their husbands’ erectile dysfunction in transitional stages. materials a...

Gender differences in conversation topics were first systematically studied in 1922 by Henry Moore, who theorized that the gender differences in topic choice he observed in a field observation study would persist over time, as they were manifestations of men's and women's "original natures. "In this paper, I report a 1990 replication of Moore's study, in which similar but smaller gender differe...

This report presents national statistics on hospital use from the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Polish General Hospital Morbidity Study. Comparisons are made of discharge rates, average lengths of stay, rates of patient care days, and fatality rates by sex, age, and diagnostic category. The similarities and differences between the two countries in population characteristics, h...

OBJECTIVE To identify the links between smuggled tobacco, deprivation and addiction across one Health Authority in the North East of England and identify the impact on people living in disadvantaged areas. DESIGN Anonymous postal survey. Sample size 11 443. Multivariate analysis including an 'Ideal Types analysis' examined the probabilities of purchase of smuggled tobacco and associations wit...

Emigration and the Age Profile of Retirement among Immigrants This paper analyzes the relationship between immigrants’ retirement status and the prevalence of return migration from the host country to their country of origin. We develop a simple theoretical model to illustrate that under reasonable conditions the probability of return migration is maximized at retirement. Reduced-form models of...

Traditional urban theories of community crime development increasingly are being adapted and evaluated for their relevance to the crime problems of smaller and less urban settings. Most notable of these have been social disorganization theory and civic community theory. This paper compares these two major theoretical frameworks for explaining community-level variations in crime, using county-le...

BACKGROUND even older adults who are fit experience adverse health outcomes; understanding their risks for adverse outcomes may offer insight into ambient population health. Here, we evaluated mortality risk in relation to social vulnerability among the fittest older adults in a representative community-dwelling sample of older Canadians. METHODS in this secondary analysis of the Canadian Stu...

This paper examines whether an intra-household externality prevents adoption of a technology with substantial implications for population health and the environment: improved cookstoves. Motivated by a model of intra-household decision-making, the experiment markets stoves to husbands or wives in turn at randomly varying prices. We find that women – who bear disproportionate cooking costs – hav...

We calculate aggregate indicators of population health for occupational groups to gauge changes in health disparities during the 1980-1991 period. The study is based on the experiences of French adult men in three major occupational classes: managers, manual workers, and an intermediary occupational group. Life table models show that managers have longer life expectancy and disability-free life...