INTRODUCTION Black men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to suffer a disproportionate burden of new HIV diagnoses and mortality. To better understand some of the reasons for these profound disparities, we examined whether the association between social trust and late HIV diagnosis and mortality differed by race/ethnicity, and investigated potential indirect effects of any observed difference...

Paul C. Cross,* James O. Lloyd-Smith, Philip L. F. Johnson and Wayne M. Getz Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA USGS, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, USA Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, Univer...

OBJECTIVES Despite its extensive use, the term "Surveillance" often takes on various meanings in the scientific literature pertinent to public health and animal health. A critical appraisal of this literature also reveals ambiguities relating to the scope and necessary structural components underpinning the surveillance process. The authors hypothesized that these inconsistencies translate to r...

In this paper we extend PALPS, a process calculus proposed for the spatially-explicit, individual-based modeling of ecological systems, with a synchronous parallel operator. The semantics of the resulting calculus, S-PALPS, is defined at the level of populations as opposed to the level of individuals as was the case with PALPS, thus, allowing a considerable reduction in a system’s state space. ...

Geographic and temporal variation in occurrence of dementia within the US has received little attention despite its importance for generation of new etiologic hypotheses and health services research. We examine methodological problems in the use of vital statistics data for assessing variation over time, among states and within states in the US. We analyzed the US multiple cause of death files ...

Introduction Syndromic surveillance is an alternative type of public health surveillance which utilises pre-diagnostic data sources to detect outbreaks earlier than conventional (laboratory) surveillance and monitor the progression of illnesses in populations. These systems are often noted for their ability to detect a wider range of cases in underreported illnesses, utilise existing data sourc...

Google Flu Trends (http://www.google.org/flutrends/) (GFT) aggregates Google search data to estimate flu activity in 28 countries. This study explored the correlation of GFT with Japanese national sentinel surveillance data in 2009. We obtained GFT and national sentinel surveillance data for influenza in all 47 Japanese prefectures from 29 June– 31 Dec 2009. Pearson correlation coefficients wer...

OBJECTIVE To compare sentinel and population-based surveillance of the effect of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), introduced in 2000, on the hospitalization of children aged under 5 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the United States of America. METHODS Population surveillance data were used to identify children hospitalized between 1998 and 2006 with IPD ca...

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