BACKGROUND Pain scores are used for acute pain management. The assessment of pain by the patient as well as the caregiver can be influenced by a variety of factors. The numeric rating scale (NRS) is widely used due to its easy application. The NRS requires abstract thinking by a patient to assign a score to correctly reflect analgesic needs, and its interpretation is subject to bias. OBJECTIV...

The effects of chronic morphine administration on the development of long-term potentiation (LTP) were investigated at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses of the rat hippocampal slices using primed-bursts tetanic stimulation. Significant enhancement of orthodromic population spike (OPS) was found for all stimulus intensities after tetanic stimulation. OPS enhancement was greates...

Polar cellular localization of proteins is often associated with their function and activity. In plants, relatively few polar-localized factors have been described. Among them, the plasma membrane-associated Arabidopsis proteins OCTOPUS (OPS) and BREVIS RADIX (BRX) display shootward and rootward polar localization, respectively, in developing root protophloem cells. Both ops and brx null mutant...

Internet-scale Web services-based event notification services face several new challenges that have not been addressed in traditional event notification systems. In this paper, an Open Publish/Subscribe (OPS) model is proposed to address these new challenges. The openness of OPS model enables collaboration among different event notification systems from different organizations. The layered arch...

BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis in humans and paratyphoid disease in some animals. Given the emergence of antibiotic resistance, vaccines are more effective than chemotherapy in disease control. OBJECTIVES The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxoid (DT) conjugated with S. Typhimurium -de...

In practice we frequently encounter systems which are most appropriately represented by discontinuous ordinary differential equations. Such equations are investigated qualitatively by Filippov [Z], He [3], Michel and Porter [S, 61, and others. Many such systems often are complex and of a very large scale. It is possible to view such systems as consisting of several simpler subsystems which when...

OBJECTIVE To characterize dark-adapted and light-adapted oscillatory potentials (OPs) in human electroretinogram (EGR) elicited by flashing light stimulation of the same intensity. METHODS Dark- and light-adapted ERGs of normal eyes were studied. The frequency spectra of the extracted dark-adapted OPs and light-adapted OPs were analyzed by a fast Fourier transform. The peak frequency, latency...