UNLABELLED Elite endurance athletes typically have larger arteries contributing to greater skeletal muscle blood flow, oxygen and nutrient delivery and improved physical performance. Few studies have examined structural and functional properties of arteries in power athletes. PURPOSE To compare the size and vasoreactivity of the brachial artery of elite power athletes to age-matched controls....

At a time when the memory of Herbert Marcuse is fresh in the minds of many on the left, it is perhaps particularly fitting to focus our attention on the special place held in Marcuse's thought by the concept of memory. Many of his earlier commentators have, in fact, already noted its importance.' One of the more astute of their number, Fredric Jameson, even went so far as to claim that the theo...

We build a dynamic political economy model with a two-class society: workers and the elite. In the model, the formation of the elite, the rate of innovation and …scal policy are endogenous. We focus on the con‡ict within the elite over two fundamental engines of economic growth: innovation and public investment. The model creates a mapping between institutions and economic outcomes which is con...

We develop a model of oligarchy subject to elite competition. Even when all members of the elite share an economic interest in labor repression, competition for control of the state can drive a wedge between the incentives of old and new elites. Thus ‘the iron law of oligarchy’–that all elite members share an overriding interest in repressive institutions–can be bent in various ways. New elites...

Stochastic optimization algorithms are usually evaluated based on performance on high dimensional benchmark functions and results of these tests determine the direction of development. Benchmark functions however, do not emulate complex engineering problems. In this paper a power plant optimization problem is presented and solved under different constraints with multiple elite dependent and sin...