BACKGROUND The PR interval on the ECG reflects atrial depolarization and atrioventricular nodal delay which can be partially differentiated by P wave duration and PR segment, respectively. Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci for PR interval, but it remains to be determined whether this is driven by P wave duration, PR segment, or both. METHODS AND RESULTS We r...

The assembly of local communities from regional species pools is shaped by historical aspects of distribution, environmental conditions, and biotic interactions. We studied local community assembly patterns in African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes), investigating data from 168 communities across the entire range of regionally co-existing species. Nothobranch...

The severity of disease caused in humans by H5N1 influenza viruses remains unexplained. The NS gene of Hong Kong H5N1/97 viruses was shown to contribute to high pathogenicity of reassortants in a pig model. However, the molecular pathogenesis and host immune response underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, in a mouse model, H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR/8) reassortants that contained the...

BACKGROUND HIV-1 protease (PR) is an essential viral enzyme. Its primary function is to proteolyze the viral Gag-Pol polyprotein for production of viral enzymes and structural proteins and for maturation of infectious viral particles. Increasing evidence suggests that PR cleaves host cellular proteins. However, the nature of PR-host cellular protein interactions is elusive. This study aimed to ...

background and objective:determination of her2 gene is crucial in breast carcinoma management and prognosis, as her2 alterations are linked to a shorter disease-free period, overall survival and resistance to tamoxifen anti-estrogen therapy and other chemotherapy regimens, regardless of the nodal or hormone receptor status. this study aimed to estimate her2 gene status of infiltrative mammary c...

BACKGROUND Insect hosts have evolved immunity against invasion by parasitoids, and in co-evolutionary response parasitoids have also developed strategies to overcome host immune systems. The mechanisms through which parasitoid venoms disrupt the promotion of host immunity are still unclear. We report here a new mechanism evolved by parasitoid Pteromalus puparum, whose venom inhibited the promot...

1 Progesterone receptors (PR) are critical mediators of mammary gland development and 2 contribute to breast cancer progression. Progestin-induced rapid activation of 3 cytoplasmic protein kinases leads to selective regulation of growth-promoting genes by 4 phospho-PR species. Herein, we show that phosphorylation of PR Ser81 is ck25 dependent and progestin-regulated in intact cells, but also oc...

Human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and 7 are involved in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea (PR). Our aim was to evaluate the role of the innate immune response in PR through the detection of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 expression in the skin of affected patients and to detect the possibility of being induced by HHV-6 and/or HHV-7 viral coexistence in these patients. Twenty-four pat...

Regulation of gene transcription by the progesterone receptor (PR) in cooperation with coactivator/corepressor complexes coordinates crucial processes in female reproduction. To investigate functional relationships between PR and steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) in distinct cell types of uterine tissue during gene transcription, we generated a new transgenic mouse model utilizing a Progeste...