this study attempted to investigate the effect of bilingualism on pragmaticawareness and development among iranian turkish/persian efl learners. data werecollected through a personal profile questionnaire with questions about theparticipants’ language background and a wdct with 10 situations to determine theextent to which the bilinguals demonstrated their pragmatic awareness of requests.they w...

Generic sentences (e.g., “birds lay eggs”) express generalizations about kinds, in contrast to non-generic sentences that express facts about specific individuals or sets of individuals (e.g., “all birds lay eggs”). Although generics are pervasive in natural language, there is no unique linguistic marker of genericity, making the identification of generics a challenge. We investigate the morpho...

In this work, focusing on pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication, taking 5 business English majors as respondents, and using a case study of five mock questions for communication scenarios, to explore the between these respondents. Pragmatic can be divided into pragmalinguistic faliure sociopragmatic failure. Although respondents master basic knowledge cross-cultural, it’s inevitable...

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Certain types of wh-phrases (e.g. how, why) cannot be extracted from the complement clause of a factive predicate, nor can they occur in situ within it (the factive island effect). This paper argues that the factive island effect is a pragmatic phenomenon, which follows from two independent factors: (i) the speaker’s expectation about possible answers of wh-interrogatives, and (ii) presuppositi...

The present study investigated the pragmatic awareness and production of Iranian Turkish and Persian EFL learners in the speech act of apology. Sixty-eight learners of English studying at several universities in Iran were selected based on simple random sampling as the monolingual and bilingual participants. Data were elicited by means of a written discourse self-assessment/completion test (WDS...