Modified Si wafers and nanoparticles (5-50 nm) have been developed and explored to assist laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) for small molecule analysis. DIOS (desorption/ionization on silicon) plates were prepared according to published protocols. DIOS was tested and compared with the optimized silicon nanoparticles derivatized by penterfluorophenylchlorosilane (PFP). SPALD...

Control of the time duration of a laser pulse as it focuses spatially in a material provides a means for delaying the onset of nonlinear e↵ects during propagation. We investigate simultaneous space-time focusing (SSTF) of femtosecond radially-chirped annular pulses in Kerr dielectrics. The energy and temporal chirp of pulses incident upon a grating-grating-lens system are varied in simulations ...

We present seven epochs between October 1999 and November 2007 of high resolution VLT/UVES echelle spectra of the ejecta-ring collision of SN 1987A. The fluxes of most of the narrow lines from the unshocked gas decreased by a factor of 2− 3 during this period, consistent with the decay from the initial ionization by the shock break-out. However, [O III] in particular shows an increase up to day...

In this paper a theoretical model for transient behaviour analysis of the discharge current pulse in the transversely excited atmospheric pressure CO2 laser with dielectric corona pre-ionization is presented. The laser discharge tube is modelled by a non-linear distributed RLC electric circuit. The transmission line method is applied to the non-linear distributed circuit and it is approximated ...

Metal-aluminum oxide-hafnium aluminum oxide-silicon oxide-silicon (hereafter MAHAOS) devices can be candidates for ionizing radiation sensor applications. In this work, MAHAOS devices (SONOS-like structures with high k stack gate dielectric) were studied regarding the first known characterization of the ionization radiation sensing response. The change of threshold voltage V(T) for a MAHAOS dev...

Multi-atmospheric pressure, pulsed electric discharge excited lasers require pre-ionization to produce spatially uniform glows. Many such systems use corona bars to produce ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light as photo-ionization sources for this purpose. Corona bars are transient surface discharges, typically in a cylindrical geometry, that sustain high electron temperatures and...

Cosmological parameters affect observables in physically distinct ways. For example, the baryon density, ωb, affects the ionization history and also the pressure of the pre-recombination fluid. To investigate the relative importance of different physical effects to the determination of ωb, and to test the cosmological model, we artificially split ωb into two ‘metaparameters’: ωbe which controls...

Streamer discharges are a primary mode of electric breakdown in thunderstorms and high voltage technology; they are generally believed to grow along electric field lines. However, we here give experimental and numerical evidence that streamers can propagate nearly perpendicularly to the background electric field. These streamers are guided by pre-ionization that is orders of magnitude lower tha...