introduction: pheromones play a great role in the reproductive and social behavior of animals. the main sources of pheromones are urine and paracrine secretions. through the neuroendocrine system, prolactin is a safe parameter to measure and compare the effects of pheromones on the sexual, maternal and also lactating behavior. methods: female rats were divided into 19 groups (n=8). to measure t...

The pregnancy and the adaptation to motherhood is one of the most signifcant events during a woman’s life time. The pregnancy is associated with major psychological and physical changes. The woman expects to attach to the fetus and prepare for the life as a mother. Interventions during pregnancy must be implemented with respect for the sensitive period as a pregnancy is. The aim with this chapt...

BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that even a moderate consumption of alcohol in women trying to become pregnant is associated with longer waiting time to pregnancy. The findings, though, are based upon few observations. METHODS Self-reported data on alcohol intake and waiting time to pregnancy (0-2, 3-5, 6-12 and >12 months) was used for 39 612 pregnant women, recruited to the Danish Nati...

BACKGROUND It is well documented that pregnant women experience increased worry and uncertainty following a high-risk prenatal screening result. While waiting for diagnostic results this worry continues to linger. It has been suggested that high-risk women put the pregnancy mentally 'on hold' during this period, however, not enough is known about how high-risk women and their partners cope whil...

Voluntary waiting period and adoption of synchronized breeding (ovulation synchronization followed by timed artificial insemination) were characterized from 33 million services of Holsteins and Jerseys in Dairy Herd Improvement herds. Calving month, calving year, and parity had large effects on days to first service for both breeds. Holstein cows that calved during March and April were bred lat...

Objective The outcomes of fertility treatments are unpredictable, and levels of depressive symptoms increases in patients during of IUI Waiting Period. This study was conducted with the aim of compression the effects of a Positive Reappraisal Coping Intervention(PRCI) and Problem-Solving Skills Training(PSS) on depression during the waiting period of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI )Treatment Ma...