Winds from pregalactic starbursts and ‘miniquasars’ may pollute the intergalactic medium (IGM) with metals and raise its temperature to a much higher adiabat than expected from photoionization, and so inhibits the formation of early galaxies by increasing the cosmological Jeans mass. We compute the thermal history of the IGM when it experiences a period of rapid, homogeneous “preheating” at hig...

We investigated whether a core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation is seen during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat when core temperature before the exercise is reduced and whether the evoked hyperventilatory response is affected by altering the initial core temperature. Ten male subjects performed three exercise trials at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37°C ...

In this study, the powders of Ni and Ti with 50.5 at.% Ni for 12 h were blended and cold pressed at the different pressures (50, 75 and100 MPa).The porous product obtained after Ni-Ti compacts were synthesized by SHS (self-propagating hightemperature synthesis) in the different preheating temperatures (200, 250 and 300oC) and heating rates (30, 60 and 90oC/min). The effects of the pressure, pre...

We perform a set of non–radiative cosmological simulations of a preheated intracluster medium in which the entropy of the gas was uniformly boosted at high redshift. The results of these simulations are used first to test the current analytic techniques of preheating via entropy input in the smooth accretion limit. When the unmodified profile is taken directly from simulations, we find that thi...

1 Optimal preheating of an espresso cup At time t = 0, boiling water (that is, water with temperature 100 ◦C) is poured into an espresso cup; after P seconds (the preheating time), the water is poured out, and espresso, with initial temperature 95 ◦C, is poured in. (You can assume that these pouring operations occur instantaneously.) The espresso is then consumed exactly 15 s later (yes, instan...

We have investigated the role of the penetration of saline on the shear strength of the cement-stem interface for stems inserted at room temperature and those preheated to 37 degrees C using a variety of commercial bone cements. Immersion in saline for two weeks at 37 degrees C reduced interfacial strength by 56% to 88% after insertion at room temperature and by 28% to 49% after preheating of t...

Recent X-ray observations have been used to demonstrate that the cluster gas mass temperature relation is steeper than theoretical self-similar predictions drawn from numerical simulations that consider the evolution of the cluster gas through the effects of gravity and shock heating alone. One possible explanation for this is that the gas mass fraction is not constant across clusters of differ...

The intention of this study was to investigate the inactivation of endospores by a combined thermal and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment. Therefore, self-cultivated spores of Bacillus subtilis and commercial Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores with certified heat resistance were utilized. Spores of both strains were suspended in saline water (5.3 mS cm(-1)), skim milk (0.3% fat; 5.3 mS c...