Printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be found in any piece of electrical or electronic equipment: nearly all electronic items, including calculators and remote control units, contain large circuit boards; an increasing number of white goods, as washing machines contains circuit boards for example in electronic timers. PCBs contain metals, polymers, ceramics and are manufactured by sophisticated te...

Methods of effective and ecological recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) are searched all over the world at this time. The material composition and temperature properties of PCB are necessary to be known for an optimal recycling technology. For this purpose we analyzed weight ratio of the electronic components moulded on the selected kinds of PCBs and next we formulated mathematic model o...

This report discusses the significance of heat management in the design of printed circuit boards (PCB). After an introduction into the basics of PCBs the crucial mechanisms of heat transfer are discussed with regard to significance and typical design parameters. Emphasis is laid on ways to determine conductive heat transfer. Here, common techniques as well as considerations on how to model PCB...

The recovery of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is an effective recycling process. This paper presents a promising hydrometallurgical process to recover precious metals from waste PCBs. To simplify the metal leaching process, large pieces of PCBs were used instead of a pulverized sample. The chemical coating present on the PCBs was removed by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) tre...

This paper deals with the development of algorithmic rules to estimate voltage levels caused by reeection eeects on printed circuit boards. These rules can be used within a fast preanalysis of complex PCBs to detect critical reeection phenomena. The presented approach has been developed for analyzing two{point nets with an arbitrary number of homogeneous transmission line areas. The input and o...

Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) is often used to identify the latent defects for the printed circuit boards (PCBs) during the early stage of the product development process. The inconsistency in executing HALT may not reveal the maximum amount of design weaknesses or intermittent failures, which would eventually lead to the premature product failure in the field and incur additional warr...

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are an integral part of any electronic equipment. The growth of e-waste as endof-life electronic equipments at an exponential rate is producing large quantities of discarded PCBs. In India, current recycling and processing of PCBs is managed almost entirely by the informal sector or the unskilled labor (95%). The crude recycling activities cause irreversible health...

Nowadays the percentage of power electronic devices, which use shunts for sensing electrical signals, is increasing significantly. This method measurements simple, reliable and low-cost, however it requires careful elaboration schematics meticulous design printed circuit boards. The author provides a detailed insight into converter Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) with shunt-based circuits recomme...

radio frequency identification (rfid) is used to identify the characteristics of an object wirelessly using radio waves. the purpose of this technology in this study is mainly focused on healthcare for inventory management and theft control replacing the manual logs. the storage and tracking of high-cost inventory items is developed. automatic reordering and billing interfaces are designed for ...

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the main components of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Waste PCBs contain several kinds of heavy metals, including Cu, Pb and Zn. We characterize the leaching of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni) from waste PCBs in a pH range of 3.0 to 5.6 using a novel approach based on batch pH-static leaching experiments in this work. The results indicate that the ...