The conceptualizing process plays an important role in assisting designers’ creativity form and styling development. It contributes to representing the cultural elements before product transformation, which has a limited investigation. This research aims identify metaphorical element that conveys brain impaired as factors of selection defining development humanoid robot embodiment. Design Proto...

Societies are constantly challenged to develop policies around the introduction of new technologies, which by their very nature contain great uncertainty. This uncertainty gives prominence to varying viewpoints which are value laden and have the ability to drastically shift policy. The issue of nanotechnologies is a prime example. The labelling of products that contain new technologies has been...

OBJECTIVE The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Institute of Medicine are currently investigating front-of-package (FOP) food labelling systems to provide science-based guidance to the food industry. The present paper reviews the literature on FOP labelling and supermarket shelf-labelling systems published or under review by February 2011 to inform current investigations and identify areas ...

Here we set out the European product liability regime as it applies to medical devices and examine key cases that indicate how the legislation is likely to be interpreted. Despite the fact that the strict liability regime has been in existence for many years, numerous issues have yet to be resolved and there continues to be a lack of harmonisation between the EU member states. We highlight a nu...

OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of human factors (HF) on the risks associated with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and to identify research gaps. HF is the evaluation of human interactions with products and includes the analysis of user, environment and product complexity. Consideration of HF may mitigate known and potential hazards from the use and misus...

We introduce the labelling map and the quasi-free action of a locally compact abelian group on a graph C∗-algebra of a row-finite directed graph. Some necessary conditions for embedding the crossed product to an AF algebra are discussed, and one sufficient condition is proved that if the row-finite directed graph is constructed by possibly attaching some 1-loops to a row-finite directed graph w...