This study investigated professional empowerment of junior middle school teachers in Taiwan, compared the difference on the sense of autonomy in background variables, and explored the extent to which professional power explained professional efficacy, using questionnaire method. The results showed that (1) the sense of professional empowerment of junior middle school teachers was on the middle ...

A new symmetrical topology switching power amplifier is introduced for professional audio use. The amplifier is composed by a pair of semi soft switched half-bridges with independent feedback control. Whole overall layout looks very similar than an already bridge configured stereo amplifier with few exceptions. Although the complexity of the proposed topology is at least twice of the convention...

background: each group or profession has its own discourse. discourses create identity, support institutions and reproduce power relationships. professional identity of iranian nurses, which has recently had the opportunity to represent itself in social arena, needs investigation. this study aimed to make internal aspect of this identity clear. materials and methods: this study was conducted by...

Drawing on literatures documenting the experience of physicians in both European and American societies, a new theoretical framework for explaining variations in the professional power of physicians is provided. Most studies of professions have used professional organization as the principal explanatory variable, with state policy and the organization of civil society as secondary mediating fac...

Boyd studies the responses to a series of questions from six teacher-librarians who are generally regarded as influential leaders within field. These will be analyzed with view testing Hartzell's scaffolding for building influence teacher-librarian.

in the last decade of the twentieth century, the field of international relations studies witnessed a theory based on which a model was introduced to solve complex equations in the field. the theory was introduced by joseph s. nye and expanded by the united states diplomacy. the theory is based on “the influence of the cultural attractions and values on creating power” in civilizational domain....

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a short-term oral creation (Cr) supplementation on body mass and maximal performance in professional soccer players. Using a double blind randomised placebo-controlled trial, 16 male professional soccer players (8 Cr, mean age, 22.5 years; 8 placebo, 22.8 years), highly trained, were tested before (T1) and after (T2) a five days oral Cr (or placebo) sup...

Myocardial sympathetic neural function in professional athletes who had the long-term tremendous cardiac load has not been fully investigated by myocardial iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in comparison with power spectral analysis (PSA) in electrocardiography. Eleven male professional cycle racers and age-matched 11 male healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The low f...