Odor signals are conveyed from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (OC) by mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). However, whether and how the two types of projection neuron differ in function and axonal connectivity is still poorly understood. Odor responses and axonal projection patterns were compared between MCs and TCs in mice by visualizing axons of electrophysiologically identi...

as a first step towards mechanization related to any product, including date fruit, it is necessary to have comprehensive information about the product. physical and mechanical properties are needed for the design of post harvest machinery and equipment. the objective of this study was to determine and compare some physical properties such as dimension, mass and volume, particulate density, pit...

The State Employees’ Group Health Insurance Program has experienced growth in health care costs resulting in projected program deficits beginning in Fiscal Year 2001-02. Expenses are projected to exceed revenues by $28.8 million in Fiscal Year 2000-01 and are projected to exceed revenues by $121.3 million in 2001-02 and $225.1 million in 2002-03. The Legislature should consider options in four ...

Physical properties of fruits and vegetables are the subject of many researches because of its importance in designing of agricultural machinery. Banana fruit is one of important fruit. In this study some physical properties of banana fruit (Cavendish variety) were determined. Properties which were measured included weight of whole fruit peel and pulp weight, dimensions, surface area and projec...

A stable smooth map f : N → M is called k-realizable if its composition with the inclusion ⊂ × ℝk C0-approximable by embeddings; and a k-prem same C∞-approximable embeddings, or, equivalently, lifts vertically to embedding ↪ ℝk. It obvious that k-prem, then it k-realizable. We refute so-called “prem conjecture” converse holds. Namely, for each n = 4k+3 ≥ 15 there exists immersion Sn ↬ ℝ2n−7 3-r...

Noise significantly affects cluster quality. Conventional clustering methods hardly detect clusters in a data set containing a large amount of noise. Projected clustering sheds light on identifying correlation clusters in such a data set. In order to exclude noise points which are usually scattered in a subspace, data points are projected to form dense areas in the subspace that are regarded as...

The cortical afferents from individual laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were studied using both light and electron microscope autoradiography. In area 17, the A geniculate laminae (A and A1) had two main bands of projection, one extending from the bottom of IVc to the deepest cells in layer III, and one in layer VI. The C geniculate laminae projected in two dense bands to ...

Forest land conversion leads to ecological effects (e.g., changes in water quality and wildlife habitat) and socioeconomic effects (e.g., expanding urban-forest interface, reduced long-term timber production possibilities and loss of open space). Socioeconomic drivers of land use change such as population totals and personal income levels have increased substantially since World War II. Human l...

A simulation and optimization model was developed and applied to an irrigated area in Delta, Utah to optimize the economic benefit, simulate the water demand, and search the related crop area percentages with specified water supply and planted area constraints. The user interface model begins with the weather generation submodel, which produces daily weather data, which is based on long-term mo...