It is commonly believed that the possibility to sue privately for antitrust damages decreases the number of type II errors in enforcement at the cost of creating more type I errors. We extend the analysis by taking into account the fact that private parties often submit evidence during public prosecution. Such parties consider private suit as a partial substitute for public prosecution, as both...

Regulatory agencies frequently present violators with warnings, not pursuing prosecution if the violation ceases upon receipt of the warning. We show how such warnings may help regulators to keep control: Prosecution is costly for the regulator, and insufficient prosecution efforts yield low penalties. Thus, with a limited regulatory budget, threats of harsh sanctions are credible only if the n...

Under the rule of prosecution history estoppel, patent applicants who amend their claims during the course of patent prosecution assume a significant risk: the risk that a court will later construe the changes as concessions that should be read to limit patent scope. This risk is exacerbated by strong evidentiary presumptions under which courts are to assume, unless the patentee presents suffic...

Prosecutors have increasingly adopted mandatory prosecution in domestic violence criminal cases. There is little empirical evidence, however, that the policy is a good match for victims' needs. Interviews with 94 battered women, whose cases were randomly selected from prosecutors' files, focused on their opinions of prosecuting. A logistic regression explores the factors that predict whether vi...

The Victim-Informed Prosecution Project (VIP) was designed to amplify the voice of the victim in the prosecution of a battering current or ex-partner through collaboration between the prosecution and victim-centered agencies. This article describes the rationale for and design and implementation of VIP and then explores whether it increased perceived voice. While some VIP services (advocacy and...

Stem cell research and the intellectual property derived from it, because of its potential to completely transform health care, demand an especially high level of consideration from business and patent prosecution perspectives. As with other revolutionary technologies, ordinary risks are amplified (e.g., litigation), and ordinarily irrelevant considerations may become important (e.g., heightene...

Revision of Law no. 16 2004 concerning the Republic Indonesia Attorney General's Office is a necessity because many changes that have occurred in field. would replace right moment to encourage Ago do better. "Change necessity. Likewise legislation, " ini this research concern about duties and powers Prosecutor's draft law on prosecutor's office. namely Guidelines The Role Prosecutors which serv...