Suppose S is a surface of genus ≥ 2, f : S → S is a surface homeomorphism isotopic to a pseudo-Anosov map α and suppose S̃ is the universal cover of S and F and A are lifts of f and α respectively. A result of A. Fathi shows there is a semiconjugacy Θ : S̃ → L̄ × L̄ from F to Ā, where L̄ (L̄) is the completion of the R-tree of leaves of the stable (resp. unstable) foliation for A and Ā is the map ind...

Building on the works of Reo [9, 101 and Park and Phillips [8], we present a factor 2 approximation algorithm for the problem of finding a minimum cost bbalanced cut in planar graphs, for b 5 5 , if the vertex weights are given in unary (using scaling, a psuedo-approximation algorithm is also presented for the case of binary vertex weights). This problem is of considerable practical significanc...

Two-sided incompressible surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces with isolated singular fibers are well-understood. Frohman [3] and Rannard [6] have shown that one-sided which either pseudo-horizontal or psuedo-vertical. We extend their result to characterise essential may surfaces, i.e., S1-foliated 3-manifolds fibered model neighbourhoods isomorphic a solid torus Klein bottle.

Recent developments in sensor networks are generally aimed at making wireless sensor networks (WSNs) more viable for implementation in real life scenarios like disaster management, battlefield and border security surveillance etc. Comparable to other wireless networking devices, sensor nodes face acute shortage of battery energy. Many famous existing technologies consider a randomized and distr...

Edge detection using a gradient-based detector is gold-standard method for identifying and analyzing different edge points in an image. A hexagonal grid structure powerful architecture dominant intelligent human-computer vision. This provides the best angle resolution, good packing density, high sampling efficiency, equidistant pixels, consistent connectivity. application on framework more accu...

Pseudo Class III malocclusion is characterized by an anterior crossbite with functional forward mandibular displacement. Various appliances have been devised for early treatment of a pseudo Class III. The aim of this article is to highlight the method of construction and use a simple removable appliance termed as "Modified Hawleys appliance with inverted labial bow" to treat psuedo class III ma...

We report the results of observations designed to investigate the spectroscopic signatures of dust clouds on the L2 brown dwarf Kelu-1. Time resolved medium resolution spectra show no significant evidence of variability in the dust sensitive TiO, CrH and FeH bandheads on the timescale of 1–24 hours. We do however report periodic variability in the psuedo-equivelent width of Hα consistent with t...

Alternation and Synchronization behaviors between the sexual communications of insects, arise as a response to the female preference to ’leaders’. As a response to this, Pholidoptera griseoptera, the dark bush cricket, has developed an interesting response model of imperfect alternating and synchronizing, or psuedo-synchronizing (P-S), for gaining the lead in a chorus of chirps. This P-S behavi...