Historians have often assumed that the development and dissemination of a clarified geography afterlife was central to late medieval eschatological preoccupations, albeit they differed on question, causes chronology purgatory’s emergence as space. This essay reconsiders pays special attention purgatory, but it focuses continued disagreement about its nature, with questions persisting where purg...

Engendering a Professional Woman Playwright : Aphra Behn’s Adaptation Strategies ....................................................................Riwako Kaji Ghosts and Money in Great Expectations ..........................................................Takashi Nakamura The Changing Distance between Jude and Sue: Cousinship and Hardy in Jude the Obscure ........................................

in all places and eras, human has been concerned with thought of fate of the spirit and he has some imaginations about the world after death and destiny of dead souls based on his knowledge. ardaviraf's travel story to hell, purgatory and eden and visiting emshasepandan and ahooramazda is of this kind. this paper is to investigate and analyze this valuable literary masterpiece and to descr...