In this paper, a number of different application fields of inorganic luminescent materials are being discussed. In a tutorial manner, it will be shown how device requirements are being translated into properties the luminescent materials need to have. To this end many different material properties that have a strong influence on the device performance are discussed, such as the shape, the spect...

background : some characteristics of lighting sources such as color properties and ultraviolet emissions have important roles on visual and non-visual health effects of lighting. this study aimed to investigate the light emissions of some compact fluorescent lamps (cfls) and incandescent lamps commercially available to the iranian consumers. methods: sixty lamps included 48 single envelope cfls...

The effects of halogen lamp–microwave combination baking on the quality of cookies in terms of texture, color and spread ratio were studied. In addition, gelatinization and pasting properties of cookies baked in different ovens were assessed by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The hardness values of the cookies increased with increasing baking time and/or halogen power. The microwave power also co...

Light source temperature measurement has been an important aspect in many industrial applications. The aim of this study is to determine the temperature of different sources like flames, incandescent lamps. The sensor installation is difficult in these sources. Imaging these sources to correlate with the temperature is attempted. A digital still camera is used to capture the source images. The ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a plasma arc lamp with a conventional tungsten quartz halogen lamp in orthodontic bonding. Twenty consecutive patients had their brackets bonded either with Transbond XT (n = 10) or Fuji Ortho LC (n = 10). In total, 352 teeth were bonded, 176 in each group. Using a randomized cross-mouth control study design, where diagonally opposit...

For a vacuum filled tungsten incandescent light bulb using filament length and radius, simple non-empirical equations can predict current vs voltage, power temperature voltage. These be used to lifetime as function of the evaporation energy atom temperature.

In the present paper, two light sources commonly used in interior lighting system: incandescent light and light emitting diode (LED) were chosen to evaluate their influences on three kinds of mammalian cells, together with UVA and UVB, and the mechanism of the photocytotoxicity was investigated in terms of intracellular ROS production, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity and GSH level assays. The ...

The heat flux distribution of an infrared halogen lamp in a Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) equipment is studied. An overview of lamp modelling in RTP systems is given and for the first time, the infrared lamp bank is modelled by taking into consideration with accuracy a lamp portion in the bank environment. A three-dimensional (3D) lamp model, with a fine filament representation is largely pres...