In this paper, we show that 23 is the minimal quota that guarantees the transitivity of a complete majority relation. We argue that this quota is important for the process of negotiation that may take place when a group has to take a clear-cut decision under a specific quota-rule.

According to conventional wisdom, raising the quota either causes a committee to retain the status quo or has no effect on its performance; so a committee which would otherwise reach good decisions should operate with a low quota. We show, per contra, that reducing the quota may improve the quality of new decisions which a private committee reaches. In particular, it is optimal to reduce the qu...

The central question addressed in this paper is whether the presence of the MFA made the NAFTA politically more acceptable. Assuming that the government maximizes a weighted sum of welfare and producer profits, we derive four key results. First, taking the initial level of trade restriction as exogenously given, it is possible for an FTA to be endorsed by both parties under the MFA-like quota i...

Weighted voting games provide a popular model of decision making in multiagent systems. Such games are described by a set of players, a list of players’ weights, and a quota; a coalition of the players is said to be winning if the total weight of its members meets or exceeds the quota. The power of a player in such games is traditionally identified with her Shapley– Shubik index or her Banzhaf ...

150 words) Gender quotas have been adopted in over a hundred countries in an effort to address gender disparities in national legislatures. Yet, the determinants of citizen support for gender quota policies remain largely understudied. We develop a theory that emphasizes the impact of institutional performance and political values to explain citizen support for gender quotas and how these two f...

Gender quotas have been adopted in over a hundred countries in an effort to address gender disparities in national legislatures. Yet the determinants of citizen support for gender quota policies remain largely understudied. We develop a theory that emphasizes the impact of institutional performance and political values to explain citizen support for gender quotas and how these two factors diffe...

The set Gn of all n-person games 1 may be considered a convex subset of a euclidean space; Gn has dimension 2 n — n — 2. Although it has not been proved that all games possess a solution, large classes of solvable games have been discovered. In [2], Shapley defined a certain class of solvable games—the quota games—and showed that from the point of view of dimension, the set Qn of all ^-person q...

Background In the reform of specialist training by Japanese Medical Specialty Board, general practice is expected to be one of 19 core specialties. University departments of general practice can play a central role in training board-certified generalists, but whether they are actually preparing to do so is unknown. Method We sent a questionnaire to 79 universities and requested to forward it ...

We model dynamic mechanisms for a global commons. Countries benefit from both consumption and aggregate conservation of an open access resource. A country’s relative value of consumption-to-conservation is privately observed and evolves stochastically. An optimal quota maximizes world welfare subject to being implementable by Perfect Bayesian equilibria. With complete information, the optimal q...

This paper incorporates the milk quota system into technical efficiency analysis of dairy farms in England and Wales. Our approach accounts for milk quota trade, allowing an investigation of the relationship between the way in which milk quota market is used by farmers and technical efficiency. In addition, several explanatory variables for inefficiency were used. Results obtained from a Bayesi...