We prove that the commuting probability of a finite ring is no larger than the commuting probabilities of its subrings and quotients, and characterize when equality occurs in such a comparison.

‎‎a natural generalization of two dimensional cyclic code ($t{tdc}$) is two dimensional skew cyclic code‎. ‎it is well-known that there is a correspondence between two dimensional skew cyclic codes and left ideals of the quotient ring $r_n:=f[x,y;rho,theta]/_l$‎. ‎in this paper we characterize the left ideals of the ring $r_n$ with two methods and find the generator matrix for two dimensional s...

For an arbitrary ring R, the largest strong left quotient ring Ql (R) of R and the strong left localization radical lR are introduced and their properties are studied in detail. In particular, it is proved that Ql (Q s l (R)) ≃ Q s l (R), l s R/ls R = 0 and a criterion is given for the ring Ql (R) to be a semisimple ring. There is a canonical homomorphism from the classical left quotient ring Q...

Let R be an associative ring in which an identity element is not assumed. A right quotient ring of P is an overring 5 such that for each aQS there corresponds rQR such that arQR and ar 9*0. A theorem of R. E. Johnson [l ] states that R possesses a right quotient ring S which is a (von Neumann) regular ring if and only if P has vanishing right singular ideal. In this case P possesses a unique (u...

‎‎A natural generalization of two dimensional cyclic code ($T{TDC}$) is two dimensional skew cyclic code‎. ‎It is well-known that there is a correspondence between two dimensional skew cyclic codes and left ideals of the quotient ring $R_n:=F[x,y;rho,theta]/_l$‎. ‎In this paper we characterize the left ideals of the ring $R_n$ with two methods and find the generator matrix for two dimensional s...

Let R be a differential domain finitely generated over a differential field F of characteristic 0. Let C be the subfield of differential constants of F. This paper investigates conditions on differential ideals of R that are necessary or sufficient to guarantee that C is also the set of constants of differentiation of the quotient field, E, of R. In particular when C is algebraically closed and...

Let R be a ring, CR and ′CR be the set of regular and left regular elements of R (CR ⊆ ′CR). Goldie’s Theorem is a semisimplicity criterion for the classical left quotient ring Ql,cl(R) := C −1 R R. Semisimplicity criteria are given for the classical left regular left quotient ring ′Ql,cl(R) := ′C −1 R R. As a corollary, two new semisimplicity criteria for Ql,cl(R) are obtained (in the spirit o...