background: despite the effective pre- and post-exposure treatments, at least 60,000 deaths from rabies occur worldwide every year. post-exposure treatment is considered as one of the most significant measures for preventing human deaths in exposed individuals. the 2-1-1 rabies post-exposure treatment schedule known as zagreb regimen is an abbreviated immunization plan in which a tissue culture...

A patient returned from Algeria showing a grade III wound (WHO standard) produced by a dog bite, was treated with rabies nerve tissue vaccines (NTVs) lacked the rabies immunoglobin, and developed a visible local reaction to the vaccine. The last WHO position paper (2010) recommends replacing nerve-tissue vaccines with CCVs. The nerve tissue vaccines induce more-severe adverse reaction sand are ...

Dog rabies control relies principally on the mass immunization of dogs in order to achieve population immunity levels sufficient to inhibit rabies transmission. In Africa, such high levels of population immunity are rarely achieved due to a number of reasons. Oral immunization has been shown to be an effective means of inducing high levels of immunity in fox populations in several European coun...

OBJECTIVE To determine effect of route of challenge and strain of rabies virus on efficacy of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice. ANIMALS 3,056 mice. PROCEDURE Challenge was performed with fixed and street rabies virus strains by use of footpad and intracerebral routes as well as IM injection into the hip, shoulder, neck, and masseter muscles. Intraperitoneal and IM vaccination was perform...

Since 1994, several different inactivated rabies vaccines have been used to immunize domestic animals such as dogs, cats, and cattle in South Korea. The Korean Veterinary Authority has conducted safety and efficacy testes of inactivated vaccines using laboratory animals. In this study, we applied a molecular method to investigate the genetic characterization of the rabies virus (RABV) genes in ...

635 World Rabies Day is 28 September, 2016,1 and is designed to raise awareness about the prevention and control of this neglected disease. Almost all human rabies are transmitted by domestic dog bites or scratches, usually via saliva. Rabies virus replicates in the wound site and gains access to nerves to reach the central nervous system. The incubation period varies from five days to several ...

Addition of 100 mug of polyadenylic: polyuridylic (poly A:U) complex to each dose of inactivated rabies vaccine increased immunity to rabies challenge in mice. Stimulation was also observed after addition of 10 mug of poly A:U to the vaccines. Mixtures of rabies vaccine and poly A:U lost their stimulatory properties after storage at 37 or 4 C for 1 month. However, these data are encouraging for...

Rabies is one of the most deadly infectious diseases, with a case-fatality rate approaching 100%. The disease is established on all continents apart from Antarctica; most cases are reported in Africa and Asia, with thousands of deaths recorded annually. However, the estimated annual figure of almost 60,000 human rabies fatalities is probably an underestimate. Almost all cases of human rabies re...

Although rabies incidence has fallen sharply over the past decades in Europe, the disease is still present in Eastern Europe. Oral rabies immunization of wild animal rabies has been shown to be the most effective method for the control and elimination of rabies. All rabies vaccines used in Europe are modified live virus vaccines based on the Street Alabama Dufferin (SAD) strain isolated from a ...

Three failures of postexposure rabies treatment using imported purified duck embryo cell and Vero cell rabies vaccines are reported from Thailand. Reference is made to eight additional previously reported Thai patients, six of whom had received human diploid cell vaccine. An analysis of these cases reveals that there were serious flaws in management in all of these patients. It is stressed that...