This paper extends results concerning efficient exponentiation in groups where inversion is easy (e.g. in elliptic curve cryptography). It examines the right-to-left and left-to-right signed fractional window (RL-SFW and LR-SFW) techniques and shows that both RL-SFW and LR-SFW representations have minimal weight among all signed-digit representations with digit set {±1,±3, . . .,±m, 0}. (Fracti...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of radiography in assessing working length to Propex II apex locator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single canal extracted human teeth with patent apical foramen were selected. Access cavities were prepared. Anatomic length (AL) was determined by inserting a K-file into the root canal until the file tip was just visible at...

In order to investigate the effect of priming on aspects germination aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory. Treatments included aging (control, 85% and 75% control germination), stress (0, -0.75 -1.5 MPa), hydro, gibberellin, GR24, benzyl aminopurine spermidine). Results mean comparis...

Many interesting real world domains involve reinforcement learning (RL) in partially observable environments. Efficient learning in such domains is important, but existing sample complexity bounds for partially observable RL are at least exponential in the episode length. We give, to our knowledge, the first partially observable RL algorithm with a polynomial bound on the number of episodes on ...

ecosystem pollution and weed resistance to herbicides have led researchers to pay more attention to natural herbicides. to examine allelopathic effects of liquorice, rosemary, chamomile and eucalypt on germination characteristics and early growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and wild oat (avena fatua l.), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments and fou...

It is proved that radical of every generalized ring is a G-graded ideal when its index is an abelian group G. The relation between radicals of generalized rings and Γ-rings is given. The explicit formulas for generalized ring A and radical properties r = rb, rl, rj , rn are obtained: r(A) = g.m.r(A) = ∑ {r(Aij) | i, j ∈ I}. The relation between the radicals of path algebras and connectivity of ...

Ten body measurements were taken on 30 Uda sheep aged 0-14 months within the humid southwest Nigeria. The body measurements were wither height (WH), body length (BL), rump length (RL), rump height (RH), rump width (RW), foreleg length (FL), shoulder width (SW), face length (FaL), tail length (TL) and heart girth (HG). The aim was to investigate the variance structure and provide an objective de...

1 Governing Equations for RBC and DPD Models The membrane model consists of points {rn, n ∈ 1..N} which are the vertices of surface triangulation (Figure S1). The area of triangle α ∈ 1..Π formed by vertices (l, m, n) is given by Aα = |(rm − rl)× (rn − rl)|/2. The length of the link i ∈ 1..S connecting vertices m and n is given by Li = |rm − rn|. The in-plane free energy of the membrane Fin-pla...

The combination of Shewhart control charts and an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts to simultaneously monitor shifts in the mean output of a production process has proven very effective in handling both small and large shifts. To improve the sensitivity of the control chart to detect off-target processes, we propose a combined Shewhart-EWMA (CSEWMA) control chart for m...